Urinary System Flashcards
function 1
regulation of blood ionic composition
function 2
regulation of blood pH, osmolarity & glucose
function 3
regulation of blood volume
function 4
regulation of blood pressure
function 5
release of erythropoietin & calcitriol
function 6
excretion of wastes & foreign substances
structures
kidneys, ureters, urinary
right-heart-shaped; left bean-shaped
horse
lobulated; no renal pelvis
ox
bean-shaped
sheep, pig, dog
paired reddish brown organs that filter plasma and plasma constituents from the blood and then selectively reabsorb water and useful constituents from the filtrate, ultimately excreting excesses and plasma waste products.
Kidney
located in the dorsal part of the abdominal
cavity; right is slightly more cranial than the
left one
kidney
depressed portion of the kidney where the artery, vein, nerves, lymph vessels and ureters pass.
Hilus
continuation of the hilus, lodges the renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves, and fat
Renal sinus
funnel shaped expansion of the cranial end of the
ureter, within the renal sinus, greater part may be outside the renal sinus.
Renal pelvis
connective tissue that covers the kidney
Capsule
outer layer, reddish brown in color, composed mainly of renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules
Cortex
inner portion, composed chiefly of collecting tubules, and in some species, are organized into a group of structures called renal pyramids.
Medulla
blunted apex of a renal pyramid
Renal papillae
cuplike organ or cavity (minor and major)
Calix
the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
site of filtration of blood plasma; consist of glomerulus and glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
Renal corpuscle
network known as a tuft, of filtering capillaries
Glomerulus
contains the tubular fluid filtered through the glomerulus
Renal tubule
in the cortex
Proximal convoluted tubule
composed of ascending and descending limbs
Loop of Henle
is the term for expulsion of urine from the bladder.
Micturition
start in the renal pelvis and end in the urinary bladder
Ureter
hollow organ that varies in size and position; empty Pelvic urethra floor of the pelvic cavity; full abdominal cavity
Urinary bladder
in female, opens onto the floor of the vaginal vestibule in male, passes through the penis (pelvic urethra)
Pelvic urethra
are cells in the Bowman’s capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus
Podocytes
cells sense changes in sodium chloride level, and will trigger an autoregulatory response
Macula densa
secrete renin
Juxtaglomerular cells/ Granular cells
kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of
the kidney
Glomerular filtration
process whereby certain molecules
(e.g., ions, glucose and amino acids),
after being filtered out of the capillaries
along with nitrogenous waste products
(i.e. urea) and water in the
glomerulus, are reabsorbed from the
filtrate as they pass through the
nephron
Selective tubular reabsorption
used to remove drugs, toxins and
poisons, or other natural compounds in
excessive amounts (such as
potassium (K+), hydrogen (H+), and
urea)
Selective tubular secretion
Avian Urinary System
– lie on the ventral surface of the
synsacrum; divided into cranial, middle, and
caudal lobes
Kidneys
no _____ and _____
renal pelvises, renal calyces
right and left ureters terminate in the dorsal
part of the ____
urodeum
complete suppression of urine
anuria
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
scanty or little urine
oliguria
excessive urination
Polyuria
