Urinary System Flashcards
The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra make up what?
The urinary tract
What is the only part of the urinary tract that is Infraperitoneal?
Urinary Bladder
Which embryonic structures give rise to pairs of pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros?
Urogenital Ridges
Which excretory organ takes over urine production by week 10 and goes on to form adult kidney?
Metanephros
In which part of the body would you find three layers of smooth muscle collectively called the detrusor muscle
Urinary Bladder
The mucosa, which is the innermost tunic of the urinary bladder, contains which type of epithelium?
Transitional Epithelium
The posteroinferior triangular area of the urinary bladder is defined by the two ureteral openings and the urethral opening is called the what?
Trigone
In males, the urinary bladder lies anterior to the rectum and superior to which gland?
The prostate gland
There are two of these fibromuscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Ureters
Which layer/tunic can be found inside the walls of the urinary bladder but not the ureters?
Submucosa layer, which is made of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the urinary bladder wall.
What is the 6-step path of urine draining from the nephron? CPMMRU
Collecting duct, papillary duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
Which component of the nephron facilitates the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions?
Loop of Henle
Which tubule in the nephron responds to ADH and aldosterone?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which tubule is between the Bowman’s capsule and the loop of Henle?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What’s the effect of ADH entering the nephron through the distal convoluted tubule?
Increased water reabsorption
What’s the effect of aldosterone entering the nephron through the distal convoluted tubule?
Increased sodium reabsorption
Any nutrients that sneak through the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule are reabsorbed by what?
Proximal convoluted tubule
The Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a collection of structures associated with ________ that help with what?
Nephron and help regulate blood pressure.
Renin is released to increase blood pressure when blood pressure drops too low, which cells secrete this?
Granular cells/ (juxtaglomerular cells)
Where are kidneys located in conjunction with peritoneal?
Retroperitoneal
Where is urinary bladder located in conjunction with peritoneal?
Infraperitoneal
An apex/tip of a renal pyramid is called what?
Renal papilla
Renal pyramids are located in which part of the kidney, renal cortex or renal medulla?
Renal Medulla
In the kidney, what is the space in between each renal pyramid called?
Renal columns
What two structures minor and major must the fluid in the renal pyramids pass through to reach the renal pelvis and ureter?
Minor and Major calyx
The 8-15 renal lobes of kidney contain which two parts?
Cortical tissue and renal pyramid.
The macula dense are located in which convoluted tubule?
Distal convoluted tubule.
The macula densa stimulate granular cells and monitor what?
Ion concentration.
Which arteriole is this?
Afferent arteriole
Which arteriole is this?
Efferent arteriole
The renal corpuscle contains which part of nephron?
Bowman’s capsule
Which part of embryonic development gives rise to the calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter?
Ureteric Bud
What gives rise these three structures?
Urogenital ridges
Renal fascia is dense irregular connecting tissue anchoring which organ to posterior abdominal wall?
Kidney
The interlobular veins are the smallest veins in which organ?
Kidney
In the kidneys, the renal arteries flow into which arteries before the interlobular artery?
Segmental artery
Blood leaves the glomerulus through which arteriole?
Efferent arteriole
The vasa recta is associated with which part of the kidney, the nephron or the covulated tubules?
Nephron
