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Anatomy Unit 4 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic pattern of blood flow?

A

Deoxygenated blood flows from systemic cells to Right Atrium -> Flows through Right Ventricle -> Flows to Lungs -> Oxygenated blood flows to Left Atrium from lungs -> Flows through Left Ventricle to be pumped back to systemic cells.

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2
Q

What is the outmost layer of the heart specifically called?

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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3
Q

Which layer of the heart wall is the thickest?

A

Myocardium

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4
Q

The visceral layer of the pericardium is also know as which layer of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium

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5
Q

Which of the two parts of the pericardium touches the heart wall?

A

Serous Pericardium

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6
Q

Which of the three layers of the heart wall contains simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endocardium

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7
Q

The heart is located where?

A

Middle mediastinum

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8
Q

The aortic arch starts and ends between which two thoracic vertebrae?

A

T4-T5 (Transverse Thoracic Plane) & Angle of Louis

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9
Q

The heart functions
as two coordinated
masses of fibers
called what?

A

Syncitiums

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10
Q

What can you begin looking for at day 22 of heart development?

A

Heartbeat

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11
Q

What can you begin looking for at day 21 of heart development?

A

The fusing of endocardial/ heart tubes

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12
Q

A defect in this would allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to right ventricle?

A

Interventricular Septum

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13
Q

Which septum located right next to the Foramen Ovale?

A

Interatrial Septum

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14
Q

A blockage in the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery would result in what?

A

Oxygenated blood not being able to flow to system cells. These are the arteries for the left atrium and ventricle.

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15
Q

The coronary artery supplies blood to which side of the heart?

A

Right side of the heart.

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16
Q

Which cardiac vein runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery?

A

Middle Cardiac Vein

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17
Q

Which of the three main cardiac veins are on the right side of the heart?

A

Small & Middle Cardiac Veins.

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18
Q

The right atrioventricular valve is also known as what?

A

Tricuspid Valve

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19
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is also known as what?

A

Bicuspid Valve

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20
Q

In which part of the heart would you find the pectinate muscles?

A

Atria

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21
Q

In which part of the heart would you find the trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles?

A

Ventricles

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22
Q

Which are the only types of arteries that carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary Arteries lead away from the heart to the lungs.

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23
Q

Which are the only types of veins that carry oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary Veins

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24
Q

In the coronary circuit, where do the coronary arteries receive oxygenated blood from?

A

Ascending Aorta

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25
Q

In the coronary circuit, where do the cardiac veins drain blood back into?

A

Right Atrium

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26
Q

The QRS complex represents which two events?

A

1) Ventricular Depolarization
2) Atrial Repolarization

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27
Q

Which electrocardiogram wave represents atrial depolarization?

A

P Wave

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28
Q

The ascending aorta is located in which part of the mediastinum?

A

Superior Mediastinum

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29
Q

Which electrocardiogram wave represents ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

30
Q

Which type of innervation (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic) uses a cardioinhibitory center?

A

Parasympathetic

31
Q

Which type of innervation (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic) uses a cardioacceleratory center?

A

Sympathetic

32
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibers make up which part of the heart?

A

Cardiac Plexus

33
Q

Which type of innervation (Sympathetic or Parasympathetic) of the heart has an effect on the force of contraction?

A

Sympathetic (Increases both heart rate and force of contraction)

34
Q

In the heart conduction pathway, which node sends muscle impulses to the atria?

A

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

35
Q

Perjunkie fibers are located in the walls of which part of the heart?

A

Ventricular Walls

36
Q

The atrioventricular bundle is also called what?

A

Bundle of His

37
Q

Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?

A

Step 1

38
Q

Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?

A

Step 2

39
Q

Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?

A

Step 3

40
Q

Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?

A

Step 4

41
Q

Which step in the Conduction System of the heart is represented here?

A

Step 5

42
Q

Which structure collects the blood from the pulmonary veins (venae pulmonales)?

A

Left Atrium

43
Q

Which anatomical structure needs to contract for blood to be pumped into the left ventricle (Ventriculus sinister)?

A

Left Atrium

44
Q

The left common carotid artery (Arteria carotis communis) stems from which large-diameter vessel?

A

Aortic Arch

45
Q

The diagram is fused with which layer of the heart?

A

Fibrous pericardium

46
Q

The inferior conical end of the heart is the base or apex?

A

Apex

47
Q

Which cavity makes up the primary portion of the base of the heart?

A

Left atrium

48
Q

Which layer of the heart produces the pericardial fluid?

A

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

49
Q

The muscle part of the heart wall is what?

A

Myocardium

50
Q

Which of the three
layers of the heart wall is the most deep?

A

Endocardium

51
Q

Which layer of the heart wall is this?

A

Myocardium

52
Q

Which of the two ventricles is the thickest (3x Thicker)?

A

Left ventricle, it has to pump blood all through body compared to right ventricle which is only pumping to the lungs.

53
Q

These two coordinated masses are called what?

A

Syncitiums

54
Q

How are cardiac muscles arranged in the heart?

A

Around the heart in Spiral Bundles.

55
Q

In heart development the foramen ovale connects which two heart cavities?

A

Right & Left Atriums

56
Q

Heart Development: Foramen Ovale becomes what?

A

Fossa Ovalis

57
Q

Heart Development: ductus Arteriosus becomes what?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

58
Q

Heart Development: Ductus Venosus becomes what?

A

Ligamentum venosum

59
Q

Heart Development: Umbilical Vein becomes what?

A

Ligamentum Teres

60
Q

Heart Development: Umbilical Arteries become what?

A

Medial Umbilical Ligaments

61
Q

Ductus Arteriosus forms a shunt between which two heart structures during heart development?

A

Pulmonary trunk & Aortic Arch

62
Q

Which artery supplies the right border of the heart?

A

Right Marginal Artery

63
Q

Which arteries are found within the coronary sulcus?

A

Right & Left coronary arteries

64
Q

The heart exhibits autorhythmicity what does this mean?

A

It initiates its own right heartbeat

65
Q

In heart’s conduction system where does the electrical impulse begin?

A

Sinoatrial Node

66
Q

Where does the electrical impulse in the heart travel to after the SA Node?

A

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

67
Q

Once the electrical impulse passes through the SA Node, the AV Node, it then travels through which bundles?

A

The left and right bundle branches

68
Q

Where is the final point for electrical impulses before being sent superiorly from the apex to all of the ventricular myocardium?

A

Purkinje fibers

69
Q

Provides structural support and acts as an electrical insulator between atria and ventricles

A

Fibrous skeleton

70
Q

Where in the heart are the Trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles?

A

Ventricles

71
Q

Where in the heart are Pectinate muscles?

A

The left and right atriums

Anatomy Unit 4 (10 decks)

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