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Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

How many times is blood filtered by the kidney

A

60 times a day

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2
Q

What wastes are released by the kidneys

A

H+
K+
Urea
Ammonia
Uric acid

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3
Q

3 layers of the kidney

A

Renal fascia
Adipose tissue
Randal capsule

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4
Q

What is include in the renal corpuscule

A

The glomerulus & bowman’s capsule

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5
Q

What part of the nephron does filtration occur

A

Renal corpuscle

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6
Q

What happens to the pressure in the glomerulus when the efferent arteriole constricts?

A

Pressure increases

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7
Q

What epithelium is in the PCT

A

Cuboidal with microvilli

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8
Q

Define ADH

A

Antidieuretic made when h20 is low
It increase the BP

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9
Q

Define aldosterone

A

Increases K+ absorption
Made when the BP Is low
Reabsorbs Na+

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10
Q

What part of the loop of Henley is water permeable?

A

The descending

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11
Q

Name 2 symporters

A

Glucose/Na+
Na+/K+/Cl

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12
Q

Name 2 anti porters

A

Na+/H+
Na+/K+

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13
Q

Name the origin of urea, uric acid, and creatinine

A

Urea- waste product of deamination
Uric acid- waste product of nucleic acid
Creatinine- waste product of muscle cells and phosphocreatinine

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14
Q

Name 2 parts of the JGA

A

Macula densa
Smooth muscle cells of the JGA

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15
Q

Where is renin made?

A

Kidneu

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16
Q

What does renin activate?

A

Angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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17
Q

What has high clearance in urine?

A

Urea bc it is secreted in urine

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18
Q

What does BUN stand for

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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19
Q

What is the disease called if someone does not make ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus

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20
Q

Histology layers of the ureter

A

Mucosa
Muscularis with inner long and outer circ
Adventitia

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21
Q

How much urine can the bladder hold?

A

500 mL

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22
Q

What nervous system is the detrusor muscle of the bladder interested from?

A

Parasympathetic

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23
Q

The internal sphincter is innervated by the ___ N.S
The external sphincter is innervated by the ___ N.S

A

Parasympathetic; somatic

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24
Q

Incontinence

A

Cannot hold urine

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25
Retention
Cannot completely empty bladder
26
Where is Bacteria found in the reproductive systems
Bladder and urethra
27
How long is the male/female urethra
7-8 inches 1-2 inches
28
3 parts of the male urethra
Prostatic Membranous Spongy
29
Define anuria
Kidneys are producing less than 50mL/day of urine
30
Oliguria
Small amounts of urine (500ml/day)
31
Normal pH for urine
4.5-8
32
Would hypertension increase or decrease urine output
It would increase the resistance which would decrease renal blood flow which leads to lower urine output
33
Why do alcohol and caffeine cause polyuria
Blocks ADH causes more urine output
34
When is renin made?
When BP is low
35
What happens when there is an excess of glucose?
The extra glucose will spill into the urine causing glucosuria OR diabetes mellitus
36
2 types of nephrons?
Cortical and juxtamedullary
37
5 functions of urinary system
Eliminate waste Regulate blood vol Regulate BP regulate blood pH Regulate electrolytes
38
Why are pyramids striped
Bc the nephrons
39
Define renal papilla
Collect all urine from collecting ducts and bring it to ureters
40
Where in the kidney are real corpuscles located
In the cortex
41
How many neurons are in 1 kidney
~ 1 million
42
Name the parts of the nephron
Real corpuscle PCT loop of Henley DCT Collecting duct
43
3 major functions of the nephron
Filter Reabsorb Secrete
44
2 layers of bowman’s capsule
Parietal- simple squamous Visceral- podocytes
45
Significance of afferent & efferent arterioles
Afferent -brings deoxygenated blood from lungs to circulation Efferent- take oxygenated blood from heart to the lungs
46
3 parts of the endotheliar filtration membrane
Endothelial cells Basement membrane Podocytes in bowman’s capsule
47
Histology of PCT
Cuboidal cells with microvilli
48
Histology of descending loop of henle? Ascending loop of henle?
Simple squamous Simple cuboidal
49
Histology of the DCT
Simple cuboidal no microvilli
50
Function of the juxtamedullary apparatus
Controls BP
51
4 effects of angiotensin II
Inc BP Vasoconstriction Inc aldosterone Inc Na absorption
52
Is filtration increased or decreased when the afferent article is dilated?
Increases
53
Is filtration increased or decreased when the efferent article is dilated?
Decreased
54
Substances that are filtered from the blood
99% of filtrate besides proteins bc they cannot fit through fenestrated capillaries
55
Why aren’t proteins found in urine?
Proteins are not filtered bc they are too big. If there is a large trace in urine then there is a problem with the filtration membrane.
56
When a patient cannot make ADH they have ____
Diabetes insipidus
57
When a patient has too much glucose in their urine the probably have ____
Diabetes mellitus
58
Substances secreted by kidney
H+ K+ Ammonia
59
What hormone promotes K+ secretion
Aldosterone
60
What is the significance of H+ secretion
Control the pH
61
Epithelium in ureter
Transitional
62
Histology of urethra
Transitional Psuedostratified columnar Stratified squamous
63
Normal components of urine
Water K Na H Urea

Anatomy II (9 decks)

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