Urinary System

Question 1

-cele

Answer 1

hernia, tumor, swelling

Question 2

cyst/o

Answer 2

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

Question 3

dia-

Answer 3

through, between, apart, complete

Question 4

glomerul/o

Answer 4

glomerulus

Question 5

lith/o

Answer 5

stone, calculus

Question 6

-lysis

Answer 6

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

Question 7

nephr/o

Answer 7

kidney

Question 8

ren/o

Answer 8

kidney

Question 9

prostat/o

Answer 9

prostate

Question 10

pyel/o

Answer 10

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

Question 11

ur/o

Answer 11

urine

Question 12

urin/o

Answer 12

urinary tract

Question 13

ureter/o

Answer 13

ureter

Question 14

urethr/o

Answer 14

urethra

Question 15

-uria

Answer 15

urination, urine

Question 16

anuria

Answer 16

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

often caused by kidney failure or UTI

Question 17

chronic kidney disease - give another name and definition

Answer 17

=CKD
AKA chronic renal disease or kidney failure
progressive loss of renal function over months or years

Question 18

cystitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the bladder

Question 19

cystocele - give another name, definition and potential cause

Answer 19

AKA prolapsed bladder
hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
sometimes the result of pregnancy or childbirth

Question 20

cystolith

Answer 20

stone located in the urinary bladder

Question 21

cystoscopy

Answer 21

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cytoscope

Question 22

dialysis - define and give common types

Answer 22

procedure to remove waste products (urea, creatine, excess water) from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
2 common types: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question 23

diuresis

Answer 23

increased urine output

Question 24

end-stage renal disease

Answer 24

=ESRD
final stage of CKD
fatal unless failed kidney function is replaced by dialysis or transplant

Question 25

enuresis

Answer 25

involuntary urinary discharge

Question 26

glomerulonephritis

Answer 26

type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine

Question 27

hydronephrosis

Answer 27

dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys | caused by problems with backing up of urine due to obstruction (nephrolith or stricture) in the ureter

Question 28

hydroureter

Answer 28

distention (swelling) or the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked always with hydronephrosis

Question 29

hyperproteinuria

Answer 29

abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

Question 30

hypoproteinemia

Answer 30

abnormally low concentration of protein in the blood

Question 31

incontinence

Answer 31

inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both

Question 32

nephrolith

Answer 32

kidney stone

Question 33

nephrolithiasis

Answer 33

presence of stones in the kidey

Question 34

nephrons

Answer 34

microscopic functional units of each kidney

Question 35

nephropathy

Answer 35

any disease of the kidney

Question 36

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 36

AKA nephrosis | a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine

Question 37

nocturia

Answer 37

frequent and excessive urination during the night

Question 38

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 38

urinary incontinence during sleep

Question 39

oliguria

Answer 39

scanty urination | caused by dehydration, renal failure or urinary tract obstruction

Question 40

polyuria - define and give disease association

Answer 40

excessive urination | common symptom of diabetes

Question 41

uremia

Answer 41

AKA uremic poisoning toxic condition resulting from renal failure. Kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

Question 42

ureterolith

Answer 42

stone located anywhere along the ureter

Question 43

urethritis

Answer 43

inflammation of the urethra