Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
arthr/o
joint
chondr/i, chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
kyph/o
bent, hump
ligament/o
ligament
lord/o
curve, swayback, bent
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
bone
scoli/o
lateral curve, bent
spondyl/o
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
-lysis
loosening or setting free
-oma
tumor, neoplasm
arthroscopy
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
cervical
first set of 7 vertebrae, forming the neck, C1-C7
chondroma
noncancerous tumor made up of cartilage. Forms on or in the bones or soft tissue
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
clavicle
thin bone that connects manubrium of sternum to scapula
coccyx
AKA tailbone
made of 4 fused vertebrae
costochondritis
inflammation of cartilage that connects ribs to sternum
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
femur
thigh bone
largest bone in the body
foramen
opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
frequently seen with injuries or can occur with blood thinning meds or hemophilia
hemopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
humerus
upper arm bone
kyphosis
abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine
ligament
CT that connects one bone to another
lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
AKA swayback
lumbago
pain in the lumbar region of the spine
myeloma
cancer that occurs in blood-making cells in the red bone marrow. Can cause pathologic fractures. Often fatal
occipital
forms the back of the skill and base of the cranium
osteitis
AKA ostitis
inflammation of bone
osteoarthritis - define and give another name
inflammation of the bone and joint
AKA degenerative joint disease
osteochondroma - define and give another name
benign bony projection covered with cartilage
AKA exostosis
osteomalacia - give other name, definition and causes
AKA adult rickets
abnormal softening of bone.
Caused by deficiency of vitamin D, calcium and/or phosphate
osteomyelitis - define and give cause
inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone.
caused by bacterial infection
osteonecrosis -list other name, define and common location
AKA avascular necrosis
bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
often in the hip joint
osteopenia
thinner-than-average bone density
osteoporosis
decreased bone density and increased bone porosity
parietal
two of the largest bones of the skull
together form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium
patella
bony anterior portion of the knee
periostitis
inflammation of the periosteum
phalanges
14 bones of the fingers
singular = phalynx
also bones of the toes
polyarthritis
inflammation of 5 or more joints
usually associated with autoimmune conditions
process
normal projection on the surface of a bone
commonly serves as an attachment site for a muscle or tendon
scapula
shoulder blade
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
sternum
flat, dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the chest
divided into 3 parts: manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid
vertebrae
26 make up the spinal column
each called vertebra
zygomatic
AKA cheekbones
articulate with the frontal bones that make up the forehead
spondylosis
spinal osteoarthritis
spondyl = vertebrae
bi-
twice, double, two
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
poly-
many
tri-
three
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
kines/o, kinesi/o
movement
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o
muscle
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
ton/o
tone, stretching, tension
-ia
abnormal condition, disease
-ic
pertaining to
-plegia
paralysis, stroke
-penia
deficiency, lack, too few
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline
ataxia
lack of muscle control during voluntary movement
atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atrophy
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or disease over time
bradykinesia
extreme slow movement
circumduction
circular movement at the far end of a limb
dorsiflexion
movement that bends foot upward at the ankle
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone
causes impaired voluntary muscle movement
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
hypotonia
diminished tone of skeletal muscles
myalgia
tenderness or pain in muscles
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
myolysis
degeneration of muscle tissue
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
paralysis
loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to its nerve supply
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
plantar flexion
movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
pronation
rotating the arm or leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
quadriplegia
paralysis of all 4 extremities
rotation
circular movement around an axis
skeletal (system)
bones, marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membranes, synovial fluid, and bursae
sprain
injury to a joint (ankle, knee, wrist) that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
sprain
injury to a joint (ankle, knee, wrist) that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
strain
injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon
supination
rotating the arm or leg so the palm or sole is turned forward or upward
tendon
attach muscles to bones
transverse
in a crosswise direction
ie. transverse abdominis
