Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
2
Q
chondr/i, chondr/o
A
cartilage
3
Q
cost/o
A
rib
4
Q
crani/o
A
skull
5
Q
kyph/o
A
bent, hump
6
Q
ligament/o
A
ligament
7
Q
lord/o
A
curve, swayback, bent
8
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord, bone marrow
9
Q
oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
A
bone
10
Q
scoli/o
A
lateral curve, bent
11
Q
spondyl/o
A
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
12
Q
-lysis
A
loosening or setting free
13
Q
-oma
A
tumor, neoplasm
14
Q
arthroscopy
A
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
15
Q
cervical
A
first set of 7 vertebrae, forming the neck, C1-C7
16
Q
chondroma
A
noncancerous tumor made up of cartilage. Forms on or in the bones or soft tissue
17
Q
chondromalacia
A
abnormal softening of cartilage
18
Q
clavicle
A
thin bone that connects manubrium of sternum to scapula
19
Q
coccyx
A
AKA tailbone
made of 4 fused vertebrae
20
Q
costochondritis
A
inflammation of cartilage that connects ribs to sternum
21
Q
diaphysis
A
shaft of a long bone
22
Q
femur
A
thigh bone
largest bone in the body
23
Q
foramen
A
opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass
24
Q
hemarthrosis
A
blood within a joint
frequently seen with injuries or can occur with blood thinning meds or hemophilia
25
hemopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
26
humerus
upper arm bone
27
kyphosis
abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine
28
ligament
CT that connects one bone to another
29
lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
AKA swayback
30
lumbago
pain in the lumbar region of the spine
31
myeloma
cancer that occurs in blood-making cells in the red bone marrow. Can cause pathologic fractures. Often fatal
32
occipital
forms the back of the skill and base of the cranium
33
osteitis
AKA ostitis
| inflammation of bone
34
osteoarthritis - define and give another name
inflammation of the bone and joint
| AKA degenerative joint disease
35
osteochondroma - define and give another name
benign bony projection covered with cartilage
| AKA exostosis
36
osteomalacia - give other name, definition and causes
AKA adult rickets
abnormal softening of bone.
Caused by deficiency of vitamin D, calcium and/or phosphate
37
osteomyelitis - define and give cause
inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone.
| caused by bacterial infection
38
osteonecrosis -list other name, define and common location
AKA avascular necrosis
bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
often in the hip joint
39
osteopenia
thinner-than-average bone density
40
osteoporosis
decreased bone density and increased bone porosity
41
parietal
two of the largest bones of the skull
| together form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium
42
patella
bony anterior portion of the knee
43
periostitis
inflammation of the periosteum
44
phalanges
14 bones of the fingers
singular = phalynx
also bones of the toes
45
polyarthritis
inflammation of 5 or more joints
| usually associated with autoimmune conditions
46
process
normal projection on the surface of a bone
| commonly serves as an attachment site for a muscle or tendon
47
scapula
shoulder blade
48
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
49
sternum
flat, dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the chest
| divided into 3 parts: manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid
50
vertebrae
26 make up the spinal column
| each called vertebra
51
zygomatic
AKA cheekbones
| articulate with the frontal bones that make up the forehead
52
spondylosis
spinal osteoarthritis
| spondyl = vertebrae
53
bi-
twice, double, two
54
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
55
poly-
many
56
tri-
three
57
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
58
fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
59
kines/o, kinesi/o
movement
60
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o
muscle
61
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
62
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
63
ton/o
tone, stretching, tension
64
-ia
abnormal condition, disease
65
-ic
pertaining to
66
-plegia
paralysis, stroke
67
-penia
deficiency, lack, too few
68
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline
69
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline
70
ataxia
lack of muscle control during voluntary movement
71
atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
72
atrophy
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or disease over time
73
bradykinesia
extreme slow movement
74
circumduction
circular movement at the far end of a limb
75
dorsiflexion
movement that bends foot upward at the ankle
76
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
77
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone
| causes impaired voluntary muscle movement
78
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body
79
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
80
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
81
hypotonia
diminished tone of skeletal muscles
82
myalgia
tenderness or pain in muscles
83
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
84
myolysis
degeneration of muscle tissue
85
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
86
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
87
paralysis
loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to its nerve supply
88
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
89
plantar flexion
movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
90
pronation
rotating the arm or leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
91
quadriplegia
paralysis of all 4 extremities
92
rotation
circular movement around an axis
93
skeletal (system)
bones, marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membranes, synovial fluid, and bursae
94
sprain
injury to a joint (ankle, knee, wrist) that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
95
sprain
injury to a joint (ankle, knee, wrist) that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
96
strain
injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon
97
supination
rotating the arm or leg so the palm or sole is turned forward or upward
98
tendon
attach muscles to bones
99
transverse
in a crosswise direction
| ie. transverse abdominis
