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Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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2
Q

chondr/i, chondr/o

A

cartilage

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3
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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4
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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5
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

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6
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

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7
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

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8
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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9
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

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10
Q

scoli/o

A

lateral curve, bent

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11
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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12
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

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13
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

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14
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

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15
Q

cervical

A

first set of 7 vertebrae, forming the neck, C1-C7

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16
Q

chondroma

A

noncancerous tumor made up of cartilage. Forms on or in the bones or soft tissue

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17
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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18
Q

clavicle

A

thin bone that connects manubrium of sternum to scapula

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19
Q

coccyx

A

AKA tailbone

made of 4 fused vertebrae

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20
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of cartilage that connects ribs to sternum

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21
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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22
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

largest bone in the body

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23
Q

foramen

A

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass

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24
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

frequently seen with injuries or can occur with blood thinning meds or hemophilia

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25
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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26
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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27
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine

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28
Q

ligament

A

CT that connects one bone to another

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29
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
AKA swayback

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30
Q

lumbago

A

pain in the lumbar region of the spine

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31
Q

myeloma

A

cancer that occurs in blood-making cells in the red bone marrow. Can cause pathologic fractures. Often fatal

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32
Q

occipital

A

forms the back of the skill and base of the cranium

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33
Q

osteitis

A

AKA ostitis

inflammation of bone

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34
Q

osteoarthritis - define and give another name

A

inflammation of the bone and joint

AKA degenerative joint disease

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35
Q

osteochondroma - define and give another name

A

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

AKA exostosis

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36
Q

osteomalacia - give other name, definition and causes

A

AKA adult rickets
abnormal softening of bone.
Caused by deficiency of vitamin D, calcium and/or phosphate

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37
Q

osteomyelitis - define and give cause

A

inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone.

caused by bacterial infection

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38
Q

osteonecrosis -list other name, define and common location

A

AKA avascular necrosis
bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
often in the hip joint

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39
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner-than-average bone density

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40
Q

osteoporosis

A

decreased bone density and increased bone porosity

41
Q

parietal

A

two of the largest bones of the skull

together form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

42
Q

patella

A

bony anterior portion of the knee

43
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of the periosteum

44
Q

phalanges

A

14 bones of the fingers
singular = phalynx
also bones of the toes

45
Q

polyarthritis

A

inflammation of 5 or more joints

usually associated with autoimmune conditions

46
Q

process

A

normal projection on the surface of a bone

commonly serves as an attachment site for a muscle or tendon

47
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

48
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

49
Q

sternum

A

flat, dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the chest

divided into 3 parts: manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid

50
Q

vertebrae

A

26 make up the spinal column

each called vertebra

51
Q

zygomatic

A

AKA cheekbones

articulate with the frontal bones that make up the forehead

52
Q

spondylosis

A

spinal osteoarthritis

spondyl = vertebrae

53
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

54
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

55
Q

poly-

A

many

56
Q

tri-

A

three

57
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

58
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

59
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

60
Q

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

A

muscle

61
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

62
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

63
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

64
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease

65
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

66
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

67
Q

-penia

A

deficiency, lack, too few

68
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

69
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline

70
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle control during voluntary movement

71
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

72
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or disease over time

73
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slow movement

74
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

75
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends foot upward at the ankle

76
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement

77
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone

causes impaired voluntary muscle movement

78
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body

79
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

80
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

81
Q

hypotonia

A

diminished tone of skeletal muscles

82
Q

myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in muscles

83
Q

myofascial

A

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

84
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

85
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

86
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

87
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to its nerve supply

88
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

89
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

90
Q

pronation

A

rotating the arm or leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

91
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all 4 extremities

92
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

93
Q

skeletal (system)

A

bones, marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membranes, synovial fluid, and bursae

94
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint (ankle, knee, wrist) that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

95
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint (ankle, knee, wrist) that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

96
Q

strain

A

injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon

97
Q

supination

A

rotating the arm or leg so the palm or sole is turned forward or upward

98
Q

tendon

A

attach muscles to bones

99
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction

ie. transverse abdominis

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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