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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: Human Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

end-, endo-

A

in, within, inside

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2
Q

epi-

A

above

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3
Q

eti-

A

cause

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4
Q

exo-

A

out of, outside, away from

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5
Q

pan-

A

entire

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6
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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7
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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8
Q

anter/o

A

before, front

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9
Q

caud/o

A

lower part of body, tail

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10
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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11
Q

cyt/o, -cyte

A

cell

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12
Q

dem/i

A

population

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13
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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14
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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15
Q

home/o

A

constant

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16
Q

path/o, -pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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17
Q

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

A

development, growth, formation

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18
Q

poster/o

A

back, toward the back

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19
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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20
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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21
Q

-ology

A

science or study of

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22
Q

-stasis, -static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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23
Q

adenectomy

A

surgical removal of a gland

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24
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

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25
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

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26
Q

anaplasia

A

a change in structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

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27
Q

anatomy

A

study of structures of the body

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28
Q

anterior

A

situated in front

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29
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body

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30
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

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31
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

32
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline of the beginning of a body structure

33
Q

dorsal

A

back of the organ or body

34
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues and organs

35
Q

endemic

A

ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area

36
Q

endocrine glands

A

group of specialized epithelial cells that produce hormones and do not have ducts so they secrete the hormones directly into the bloodstream

37
Q

epidemic

A

sudden and widespread outbreak

38
Q

epidemiologist

A

specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

39
Q

epigastric region

A

located above the stomach

40
Q

epithelial

A

tissues that form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. These tissues also form glands

41
Q

etiology

A

study of causes of diseases

42
Q

exocrine glands

A

group of specialized epithelial cells that secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead to other organs or out of the body

43
Q

frontal plane - location and give another name for it

A

(AKA coronal plane)

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

44
Q

general practitioner

A

AKA family practice physician

provides ongoing care for patients of all ages

45
Q

geneticist

A

specialist in the study of how genes are transferred from parents to children and the role of genes in health and genetics

46
Q

geriatrician

A

AKA gerontologist

specializes in the care of older people

47
Q

hemophilia

A

group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a clotting factor is missing

48
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues

49
Q

homeostasis

A

process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

50
Q

hospitalist

A

physician focused on the general medical care of hospitalized patients

51
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

52
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size but not the number of cells in the tissues

53
Q

hypochondriac

A

below the ribs

54
Q

hypogastric region

A

below the stomach

55
Q

hypoplasia

A

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue

56
Q

iliac

A

near the hip bones

57
Q

inferior

A

lowermost, below, toward the feet

58
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

59
Q

lateral

A

direction toward or nearer the side of the body, away from the midline

60
Q

lumbar

A

part of the back between ribs and the pelvis

61
Q

medial

A

direction toward or nearer the midline

62
Q

midsagittal plane

A

AKA midline

sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

63
Q

What makes up the dorsal cavity?

A

cranial cavity + spinal cavity

64
Q

What makes up the ventral cavity?

A

thoracic + abdominal + pelvic cavities

65
Q

pathology

A

study of disease: its nature and causes plus the produced changes in structure and function

66
Q

pandemic

A

outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area

67
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space formed by hip bones. Contains organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

68
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of the structures of the body

69
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back

70
Q

proximal

A

nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

71
Q

superior

A

uppermost, above, toward the head

72
Q

thoracic cavity

A

surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

73
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane, divides the body into superior and inferior portions

74
Q

umbilicus

A

navel, belly button

75
Q

ventral

A

front, belly side of organ or body

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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