Urinary - Part 1 Flashcards
Junctional cortical more common on what side
right
increase creatinine assoc with
renal failure
chronic nephritis
urinary obstruction
microscopic hematuria
early renal disease
macroscopic hematuria
infection, bladder neoplasms
congenital anomalies related to growth (3)
hypoplasia
fetal lob
compensatory hyperplasia
congenital anomalies related to ascent (3)
ectopic
horseshoe
crossed renal ectopia
congenital anomalies related to BUD (6)
agenesis UPJ obstruction supernummary duplex collecting system + uterocele Megacalyces Megaureter
congenital anomalies related to vascular (2)
retrocaval
aberrant vessel
Bladder congenital anomalies (3)
agenesis
duplication
exstrophy
3 types of bladder dupication anomalies
peritoneal fold
internal septum
transverse band
urachal anomalies (5)
patent (most common) cyst sinus abscess diverticulum
increase BUN assoc with (3)
renal dysfunction
dehydration
urinary obstruction
decrease BUN assoc with (5)
liver failure hydration pregnancy smoking decrease protein intake
cortical thickness <1cm indicates
renal disease
creatinine normal levels
0.6-12 mg/dL
BUN normal levels
11-23 mg/dL
blood cell regulation hormone
erythropoietin - stim bone marrow to produce more RBCs
branching order of vessels
segmental
interlobar/interlobar
arcuate (cortex)
interlobular
BP regulation hormone
renin
what lab value is the best for determining renal function
creatinine
BUN is produced from the
breakdown of foods
macro vs micro hematuria
microscope vs naked eye
hypertrophied column of bertin pseudotumour demonstrate renal pyramid usually what size
<3cm
how to tell HCB is not a tumour
colour dop on arcuate arteries
interrenuncular junction is also
junctional cortical defect
too few nephrons in smaller than normal size kidney
hypoplasia
infolding of cortex withuot loss of cortical parenchyma
fetal lobulation
which congenital anomoly can be diffuse or focal
compensatory hypertrophy
what % or ectopic kidneys have decreased function
50%
what happens with ectopia?
failure of kidneys to ascend during embryology – short ureters
what should be measured with horseshoe kidney
isthmus
with horseshoe kidney, where does it lie
anterior to aorta
unilateral renal agenesis is assoc with
compensatory hypertrophy
what appears as fusiform dilation of distal third of ureter
megaureter
men or women more often affected with megaureter
men
what is the most common congenital anomaly
duplex collecting system
describe duplex collecting system
two separate collecting systems and ureters and their own ureteral orfice
with incomplete duplication, what is the patient prone to? (2)
ureter from upper pole prone to obstruction/reflux
what is associated with ureteroceles
UTIs
what is bladder exstrophy
congenital absense of lower abdo and anterior bladder wall
when does retrocaval ureter anomaly occur
if the infrarenal IVC does not develop from usual supracardinal vein - ureter will pass posterior to IVC
where are urachal anomalies located
between umbilicus and bladder
