Lesson 1.1 - Benign Tumours Flashcards
What structure separates the medial and lateral left lobe?
left intersegmental fissure
What structures lie within the left intersegmental fissure? (3)
Superior - LHV
Middle - Ascending LPV
Inferior - ligamentum teres
Abnormal right lobe liver size is usually
Above 14 cm but compare to right kidney.
A normal liver can be larger depending on body habitus
Portal venous normal blood flow
Hepatopetal direction
Hepatic vein normal blood flow (4)
Phasic
Pulsatile (due to prox to heart)
W shape
Hepatofugal direction
Hepatic artery flow resistance (high/low) and direction
Low resistant and hepatopetal flow
MPV should not exceed how many mm in AP diameter
13 mm
Liver normal variants (4)
Diaphragmatic slips
Reidels lobe
Papillary Process Caudate
Long left lobe
What is the cause of pseudomass on liver sonography
diaphragmatic slips
T/F diaphragmatic slip appearance changes with respiration
yes
Location of reidels lobe
Right lobe - will measure large
Artifact while scanning liver
mirror image - caused by diaphragm
Which LFT enzyme is a nonspecific marker for malignancy
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
An increase in which LFT enzyme is associated with obstructive jaundice
alkaline phos
ALP
ALP is excreted through
the bile ducts
Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is associated with
cirrhosis
hepatitis
bililary obstruction
An enzyme present in many kinds of tissue that is released when cells are injured or damaged - levels proportional to amt of damage
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) associated with (3)
cirrhosis
hepatitis
mononucleosis
What LFT enzyme is used to diagnose liver disease before jaundice occurs
AST
A patient has cirrhosis. what lab test markers would you expect to see elevated?
AST
ALT
Prothrombin
Bilirubin
T/F
AST remains elevated longer than ALT
false
Prothrombin time (clotting) depends on the amount of
vitiman K
Prothrombin time elevation associated with (4)
Cirrhosis
Malignancy
Malabsorp. of vitiman k
Clotting failure
A patient has hepatitis. which LFT enzyme would you expect to see elevated? (3)
ALT
AST
Bilirubin
Decrease in prothrombin time associated with (5)
Biliary fistula Biliary duct injury Biliary obstruction GB carcinoma Cholecystitis
Leukocytosis
WBC above normal range
What is leukocytosis a sign of? (2)
Inflammatory or infection response (including parasitic)
A decrease in serum albumin suggests
A decrease in protein synthesis
What is bilirubin
A product from the breakdown of hemoglobin in old RBC -
Elevation of direct or conjugated bilirubin is associated with (5)
obstruction
hepatatitis
cirrhosis
liver mets
Elevation of indirect or unconjugated bilirubin is associated with
non-obstructive conditions ie steatosis (fatty liver)
What are 6 indications for a liver US
Abnormal LFTs Hepatocellular disease Biliary disease Pain - abdo/post prandial Palpable liver/spleen Pancreatitis
Liver pathology causes (5)
Congenital abnormalities Infectious disease Parasitic Metabolism disorder Vascular abnormalities
Congenital anomalies of liver (4)
Agenesis
Partial agenesis
Position:
Situs inversus totalis
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (liver into thorax)
Omphalocele (liver outside body)
