Urinary Disorders Flashcards
functions of kidney (A WET BED)
Acid- Base Balance
Water Removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
BP
Electrolyte Balance
D Vitamin Activation
what is included in lower UTI?
cystitis
prostatitis
urethritis
what is included in upper UTI?
pyelonephritis
renal abscess
interstitial nephritis
what is an uncomplicated UTI?
community-acquired, non-recurrent
what is considered a complicated UTI?
hospital acquired related to catheterization
presence of urologic abnormalities
immunosuppression
pregnancy
diabetes
obstructions
recurrent
risk factors for UTI
female anatomy
pregnancy - can block bladder
drainage and change pH and flora
diabetes
poor hygiene
urinary catheter
urinary stasis
obstructed flow
inflammation of urethral mucosa
immunosuppression
how can bacteria invade the urinary tract?
transurethral - most common
through the bloodstream
fistula from intestine
what is the most common bacteria that causes UTIs?
E. coli
signs and symptoms of UTIs
dysuria
frequency
urgency
nocturia
incontinence
pelvic pain
hematuria
AMS can be first sign in older adults
what is looked at in urinalysis
colony count >100,000
WBCs
RBCs
nitrites
protein
treating UTIs
uncomplicated - 3 days PO antibiotics
complicated - longer course of PO antibiotics or IV antibiotics
pyridium - bladder analgesia to reduce dysuria, frequency, urgency
what drinks to avoid with UTI
coffee
tea
cola
alcohol
best voiding habits
every 2-3 hours
after intercourse
complications of UTI
sepsis
AKI
CKD
consequences of acute pyelonephritis
scarring
chronic kidney disease
signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis
lower UTI symptoms
fever, chills, flank pain, HA, N/V, malaise
pyelonephritis diagnostic testing
ultrasound or CT to identify obstruction
treating pyelonephritis
2 weeks antibiotics for uncomplicated, urine culture 2 weeks after antibiotics are complete
urinary retention risk factors
DM
enlarged prostate
infection, trauma
neuro disorders
post-op
complications of urinary retention
infection
overflow incontinence
indications for indwelling catheter
acute retention or bladder obstructio
need to accurately measure UOP
periop use
assist in healing pressure injuries to sacrum
prolonged immobilization
end of life care
how to prevent CAUTI
peri care
no kinks in tubing
bag below bladder, off of floor
keep system closed
empty bag regularly
secure to thigh after insertion
avoid routine changes and d/c asap
risk factors for nephrolithiasis
dehydration
high calcium diet
antacids
hyperparathyroidism
cancers
signs and symptoms of nephrolithiasis
intense bladder pain
flank pain
hematuria
pyuria
N/V
treatment for nephrolithiasis
supportive care for <5mm, will pass on its own
remove or fragment for >5 mm
surgery for >10 mm
complications of kidney stones
pyelonephritis
urosepsis
renal damage
risk factors for bladder cancer
smoking
genetics
exposure to toxic chemicals
family history
most common sign bladder cancer
painless hematuria
treating bladder cancer
immunotherapy
chemo
radiation
bladder removal
urinary diversion
what is a cutaneous urinary diversion?
ileal conduit that brings urine to surface of body and out of stoma
incontinent, requires urostomy bag
what is an Indiana pouch?
segment of ileum used to store urine. stoma connects to Indiana bag and is catheterized to drain urine every few hours
what is a ureterosigmoidostomy
ureters go to colon so that it can come out of the rectum
