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adult health nursing > Urinary Disorders > Flashcards

Urinary Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of kidney (A WET BED)

A

Acid- Base Balance
Water Removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
BP
Electrolyte Balance
D Vitamin Activation

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2
Q

what is included in lower UTI?

A

cystitis
prostatitis
urethritis

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3
Q

what is included in upper UTI?

A

pyelonephritis
renal abscess
interstitial nephritis

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4
Q

what is an uncomplicated UTI?

A

community-acquired, non-recurrent

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5
Q

what is considered a complicated UTI?

A

hospital acquired related to catheterization
presence of urologic abnormalities
immunosuppression
pregnancy
diabetes
obstructions
recurrent

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6
Q

risk factors for UTI

A

female anatomy
pregnancy - can block bladder
drainage and change pH and flora
diabetes
poor hygiene
urinary catheter
urinary stasis
obstructed flow
inflammation of urethral mucosa
immunosuppression

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7
Q

how can bacteria invade the urinary tract?

A

transurethral - most common
through the bloodstream
fistula from intestine

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8
Q

what is the most common bacteria that causes UTIs?

A

E. coli

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9
Q

signs and symptoms of UTIs

A

dysuria
frequency
urgency
nocturia
incontinence
pelvic pain
hematuria
AMS can be first sign in older adults

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10
Q

what is looked at in urinalysis

A

colony count >100,000
WBCs
RBCs
nitrites
protein

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11
Q

treating UTIs

A

uncomplicated - 3 days PO antibiotics
complicated - longer course of PO antibiotics or IV antibiotics
pyridium - bladder analgesia to reduce dysuria, frequency, urgency

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12
Q

what drinks to avoid with UTI

A

coffee
tea
cola
alcohol

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13
Q

best voiding habits

A

every 2-3 hours
after intercourse

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14
Q

complications of UTI

A

sepsis
AKI
CKD

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15
Q

consequences of acute pyelonephritis

A

scarring
chronic kidney disease

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16
Q

signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis

A

lower UTI symptoms
fever, chills, flank pain, HA, N/V, malaise

17
Q

pyelonephritis diagnostic testing

A

ultrasound or CT to identify obstruction

18
Q

treating pyelonephritis

A

2 weeks antibiotics for uncomplicated, urine culture 2 weeks after antibiotics are complete

19
Q

urinary retention risk factors

A

DM
enlarged prostate
infection, trauma
neuro disorders
post-op

20
Q

complications of urinary retention

A

infection
overflow incontinence

21
Q

indications for indwelling catheter

A

acute retention or bladder obstructio
need to accurately measure UOP
periop use
assist in healing pressure injuries to sacrum
prolonged immobilization
end of life care

22
Q

how to prevent CAUTI

A

peri care
no kinks in tubing
bag below bladder, off of floor
keep system closed
empty bag regularly
secure to thigh after insertion
avoid routine changes and d/c asap

23
Q

risk factors for nephrolithiasis

A

dehydration
high calcium diet
antacids
hyperparathyroidism
cancers

24
Q

signs and symptoms of nephrolithiasis

A

intense bladder pain
flank pain
hematuria
pyuria
N/V

25
Q

treatment for nephrolithiasis

A

supportive care for <5mm, will pass on its own
remove or fragment for >5 mm
surgery for >10 mm

26
Q

complications of kidney stones

A

pyelonephritis
urosepsis
renal damage

27
Q

risk factors for bladder cancer

A

smoking
genetics
exposure to toxic chemicals
family history

28
Q

most common sign bladder cancer

A

painless hematuria

29
Q

treating bladder cancer

A

immunotherapy
chemo
radiation
bladder removal
urinary diversion

30
Q

what is a cutaneous urinary diversion?

A

ileal conduit that brings urine to surface of body and out of stoma

incontinent, requires urostomy bag

31
Q

what is an Indiana pouch?

A

segment of ileum used to store urine. stoma connects to Indiana bag and is catheterized to drain urine every few hours

32
Q

what is a ureterosigmoidostomy

A

ureters go to colon so that it can come out of the rectum

adult health nursing (10 decks)

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