Lecture 11 Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards
what is pneumonia
inflammation of lung parenchyma
inflammation of alveoli causes exudate production, which impairs O2 and CO2 diffusion
what causes pneumonia?
bacteria, fungi, viruses
aspiration or altered resistance to pathogens
what is the difference between bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia
bronchopneumonia looks patchy and lobar pneumonia causes consolidation
what is community acquired pneumonia?
develops in community or within 48 hours of hospitalization
what is healthcare-associated pneumonia?
occurs in non hospitalized patient who has high contact with healthcare system
usually multi-drug resistant organisms
what is hospital acquired pneumonia?
develops at least 48 hours after hospital admission
often multiple organisms
ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs >48 hours after ventilation
risk factors for pneumonia
immunocompromised
other heart or lung disease
immobility
smoking
age
ICU admission
altered swallowing and depressed cough
signs and symptoms of pneumonia
fever, sweating, chills
severe cough
SOB
chest pain
loss of appetite
N/V, diarrhea
fatigue
weakness
purulent sputum
diagnosing pneumonia
chest xray
sputum culture
blood culture
bronchoscopy
meds for pneumonia
no meds for viral
IV antibiotics until patient stable enough for PO
supportive care for pneumonia
hydration
O2 or intubation if necessary
antipyretics
antitussives
nasal decongestants
rest
preventing pneumonia
smoking cessation
HOB >30 degrees
mobilization
assess swallowing and mental status, withhold PO if not safe
pulmonary toileting
nursing interventions for pneumonia
hydration
humidity
coughing and position changes to mobilize secretions
assess effectiveness of O2 administration
semi-fowlers
complications of pneumonia
sepsis
respiratory failure
pleural effusion
delirium
what body systems are affected by tuberculosis?
lungs
kidneys, bones, lymph nodes