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adult health nursing > Lecture 11 Lower Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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1
Q

what is pneumonia

A

inflammation of lung parenchyma

inflammation of alveoli causes exudate production, which impairs O2 and CO2 diffusion

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2
Q

what causes pneumonia?

A

bacteria, fungi, viruses

aspiration or altered resistance to pathogens

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3
Q

what is the difference between bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia

A

bronchopneumonia looks patchy and lobar pneumonia causes consolidation

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4
Q

what is community acquired pneumonia?

A

develops in community or within 48 hours of hospitalization

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5
Q

what is healthcare-associated pneumonia?

A

occurs in non hospitalized patient who has high contact with healthcare system
usually multi-drug resistant organisms

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6
Q

what is hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

develops at least 48 hours after hospital admission
often multiple organisms
ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs >48 hours after ventilation

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7
Q

risk factors for pneumonia

A

immunocompromised
other heart or lung disease
immobility
smoking
age
ICU admission
altered swallowing and depressed cough

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of pneumonia

A

fever, sweating, chills
severe cough
SOB
chest pain
loss of appetite
N/V, diarrhea
fatigue
weakness
purulent sputum

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9
Q

diagnosing pneumonia

A

chest xray
sputum culture
blood culture
bronchoscopy

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10
Q

meds for pneumonia

A

no meds for viral
IV antibiotics until patient stable enough for PO

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11
Q

supportive care for pneumonia

A

hydration
O2 or intubation if necessary
antipyretics
antitussives
nasal decongestants
rest

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12
Q

preventing pneumonia

A

smoking cessation
HOB >30 degrees
mobilization
assess swallowing and mental status, withhold PO if not safe
pulmonary toileting

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13
Q

nursing interventions for pneumonia

A

hydration
humidity
coughing and position changes to mobilize secretions
assess effectiveness of O2 administration
semi-fowlers

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14
Q

complications of pneumonia

A

sepsis
respiratory failure
pleural effusion
delirium

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15
Q

what body systems are affected by tuberculosis?

A

lungs
kidneys, bones, lymph nodes

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16
Q

is latent tuberculosis contagious?

A

no

17
Q

pathophysiology of tuberculosis

A

bacteria deposits in alveoli and transports to other parts of the body
immune response causes fibrosis in lung tissue

18
Q

signs and symptoms of TB

A

low grade fever
cough
bloody sputum
night sweats
fatigue
weight loss

19
Q

diagnosing TB

A

TB skin test
quantiferon
chest xray
sputum culture

20
Q

TB medications

A

isoniazid
rifampin
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

21
Q

side effects of TB medications

A

hepatotoxicity
neuritis
optic neuritis

22
Q

side effect of rifampin

A

urine and body secretions colored orange

23
Q

nursing management of TB

A

airborne precautions
promote airway clearance
improve activity
avoid alcohol
take meds on empty stomach
nutrition important because prolonged illness can cause malnutrition

24
Q

what is pleural effusion?

A

fluid in pleural space
fluid can be clear, bloody, or purulent

25
Q

symptoms of pleural effusion

A

chest pain
dyspnea
difficulty lying flat

26
Q

what conditions might pleural effusion be secondary to?

A

pneumonia
PE
cancer

27
Q

assessing and diagnosing pleural effusion

A

absent breath sounds
chest xray or CT
thoracentesis
maybe chest tube

28
Q

respiratory failure

A

lungs fail to provide adequate oxygen and ventilation

29
Q

ABG values for respiratory failure - respiratory acidosis

A

PaO2 <60
pH <7.35
PaCO2 >50

30
Q

causes of respiratory failure

A

impaired CNS
neuromuscular dysfunction
muskuloskeletal dysfunction
pulmonary dysfunction
post-op meds and pain

31
Q

early symptoms of respiratory failure

A

restlessness
fatigue
headache
dyspnea
air hunger
tachycardia
increased BP

32
Q

late symptoms of respiratory failure

A

confusion
lethargy
tachycardia and tachypnea
cyanosis
respiratory arrest

33
Q

managing respiratory failure

A

correct cause
intubation if necessary

34
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

severe inflammation of lungs

alveolar damage
pulmonary edema
hypoxemia not responsive to oxygen therapy
infiltrates in lungs

35
Q

managing ARDS

A

oxygen, pulmonary toileting, nebulizers
enteral feeding
hydration
anxiety meds
intubation and ventilation
prone positioning

adult health nursing (10 decks)

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