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adult health nursing > Lecture 10 Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the most common cause of illness?

A

upper respiratory tract infection

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2
Q

what is rhinitis

A

inflammation and irritation of mucous membrane in nose

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3
Q

causes of rhinitis

A

environmental triggers
allergen foods
medications - BB, ACE, statins, viagra, NSAIDs
infection
cocaine

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4
Q

manifestations of rhinitis

A

rhinorrhea = runny nose
nasal congestion
sneezing
headache
itching

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5
Q

treating rhinitis

A

tylenol and ibuprofen
antihistamines
decongestants
saline spray
expectorants
antitussives

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6
Q

rhinosinusitis

A

inflammation of nasal cavity AND sinuses
lasts >4 weeks

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7
Q

why does rhinosinusitis occur?

A

usually secondary to viral URI
congestion obstructs sinuses and allows for bacterial growth

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8
Q

bacterial vs viral rhinosinusitis

A

bacterial - high fever and symptoms >10 days
viral - no fever and symptoms <10 days

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9
Q

3 main symptoms of rhinosinusitis

A

purulent nasal drainage
nasal obstruction
facial pain, pressure, fullness

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10
Q

when should decongestants be used for rhinosinusitis?

A

only when it is acute and viral

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11
Q

three main goals for treating rhinosinusitis

A

shrink swelling in nose
pain relief
treat infection

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12
Q

complications of rhinosinusitis

A

orbital cellulitis
orbital abscess
osteomyelitis
meningitis
sepsis
subdural abscess

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13
Q

what should be avoided with rhinosinusitis

A

swimming and diving
air travel
smoking

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14
Q

how to tell if nasal spray is not properly applied

A

burning or irritation
bad taste in mouth
bloody nose

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15
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of pharynx

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16
Q

what kind of pathogen mostly causes pharyngitis

A

usually viral

5-15% group A strep

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17
Q

risk factors for phaaryngitis

A

age
smoking
alcohol
dusty environment

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18
Q

signs and symptoms of pharyngitis

A

red pharynx
swollen lymph nodes
no cough
fever
malaise
sore throat
irritation and fullness inn throat

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19
Q

treating pharyngitis

A

supportive measures for viral etiology
10 day penicillin for bacterial etiology
benzocaine
tonsillectomy if chronic

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20
Q

complications of untreated strep

A

rhinosinusitis
otitis media
peritonsillar abscess
mastoiditis
cervical adenitis
PNA
sepsis
meningitis
rheumatic fever
nephritis

21
Q

signs and symptoms of tonsillitis and adenoiditis

A

sore throat
fever
snoring
difficulty swallowing
mouth breathing

22
Q

what can cause tonsillitis

A

GAS
epstein-bar
cytomegalovirus

23
Q

when is tonsillectomy indicated

A

repeat infection
hypertrophy
repeat otitis media
airway obstruction

24
Q

tonsillectomy education

A

avoid irritating foods
no smoking or heavy lifting for 10 days
voice rest
humidifier

25
Q

signs and symptoms of peritonsillar abscess

A

severe sore throat
fever
inability to open mouth
drooling
dyspnea
dysphagia

26
Q

signs and symptoms of hemorrhage post tonsillectomy

A

vomiting blood
tachycardia
restlessness

27
Q

causes of laryngitis

A

voice abuse
irritants, dust, chemicals, smoke, pollutants
infection
severe GERD
intubation

28
Q

signs and symptoms of laryngitis

A

voice loss
severe cough
throat tickle
improves in warmer climate

29
Q

managing laryngitis

A

voice rest
humidifier
fluids
eliminate irritants
PPI for GERD
pain control
monitor airway

30
Q

when to call doctor for laryngitis

A

coughing up blood
difficulty swallowing saliva
noisy breathing
hoarse for more than 5 days

31
Q

what causes obstructive sleep apnea?

A

airway collapse while sleeping

32
Q

3 S of sleep apnea

A

snoring
sleepiness during the day
sleep apnea episodes - breathing pauses then gasping for air

33
Q

other signs of sleep apnea

A

frequent wakening during night
insomnia
short attention span or irritability

34
Q

risk factors for sleep apnea

A

obesity
alcohol use near bedtime

35
Q

what conditions can sleep apnea cause if untreated?

A

hypertension
CVA or MI

36
Q

treating sleep apnea

A

weight reduction
no alcohol before bed
CPAP and BiPAP
mandible advancement devices
do not lie on back to sleep

37
Q

surgery for sleep apnea

A

tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy
remove some soft tissue in pharynx
septoplasty
nasal polypectomy
tongue reduction
epiglottoplasty

38
Q

treating epistaxis

A

pressure for 5-10 mins
tilt head forward

39
Q

what is the most common cause of nose fracture

A

aassault

40
Q

signs and symptoms of nose fracture

A

pain
bleeding
swelling
orbital bruising

41
Q

signs and symptoms of nasal obstruction

A

chronic nasal congestion
sleep deprivation
rhinosinusitis

42
Q

what can cause laryngeal obstruction

A

foreign body
anaphylaxis
acute laryngitis

43
Q

signs and symptoms of laryngeal obstruction

A

hoarseness
stridor
cough
accessory muscles
low O2 sat

44
Q

what is the most common head/neck cancer?

A

laryngeal cancer

45
Q

signs and symptoms of laryngeal cancer

A

hoarseness >2 weeks
raspy voice
persistent cough
painful throat
lump
dysphagia and dyspnea
weight loss

46
Q

how is laryngeal cancer treated?

A

radiation
chemo
laser surgery
laryngectomy

47
Q

nursing care for laryngectomy

A

communication strategies
monitor airway, hemorrhage, infection
respiratory toileting
hydration only via IV for first 7 days
enteral feeding

48
Q

when is tracheostomy needed

A

laryngeal trauma
airway obstruction
total laryngectomy
long term ventilation >21 days

49
Q

trach care

A

monitor bleeding
suction - pre-oxygenate for deep suction
clean, change dressing, change neck ties
prevent moisture from entering trach

adult health nursing (10 decks)

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