urinary bladder

Question 1

What are the embryological origin of trigone?

Answer 1

integration of 2 mesonephric ducts

Question 2

What smooth muscle is found in the bladder?

Answer 2

detrusor muscle

Question 3

Where is the main arterial supply from?

Answer 3

superior vesical branch of the Internal iliac vessels

in male this can be supplemented by inferior vesical artery and in females by vaginal arteries.

Question 4

Where is the venous drainage to? What specific plexus is involved with male and where is that drainage from?

Answer 4

• venous drainage by vesical venous plexus emptying into internal iliax veins.
• in male you have prostate venous plexus which collects form the dorsal vein of penis

Question 5

Main node for lymphatic drainage?

Answer 5

external iliac lymph nodes

Question 6

Where is the sympathetic nervous system from for bladder?

Answer 6

hypogastric nerve (T12-L2) - relaxation and promote urine retention

Question 7

Where is the parasympathetic nervous system from for bladder?

Answer 7

pelvic nerve (S2-S4) - contraction of muscles and stimulate micturition

Question 8

Where is the somatic nervous system from for bladder?

Answer 8

pudendal nerve (S2-4) - innervates external urethral sphincter, provides voluntary control over micturition

Question 9

What is a bladder reflex?

Answer 9

primitive spinal reflex, which micturition is stimulated and causes the stretch of bladder walls

Question 10

What does a spinal cord transection above T12 cause?

Answer 10

Reflex bladder - constantly relaxed and no awareness of bladder filling

Question 11

What does a spinal cord transection bellow T12 cause?

Answer 11

flaccid bladder - detrusor muscle paralysed unable to contact

causes overflow incontinence