Female reproductive system Flashcards
What area is enclosed by labia minora?
vestibule
Where is arterial supplies of vulva from? and where are they derived from?
- Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac artery
- external pudendal artery from femoral artery.
Lymphatic drainage of the vulva?
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Where are the sensory nervous supply of the vulva from? Anterior and Posterior
Anterior - illioinguinal nerve, genital branch of gentiofemoral nerve
posterior- pudendal nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Where does the clitoris and vestibule receive parasympathetic innervation from?
cavernous nerves
What is anterior, posterior and lateral to the vagina?
anterior: bladder and urether
Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum, and anal canal
lateral: uterus and levator ani muscle
What are the layers of vagina (internal to external)
- startified squamous epithelium (lubrication)
- elastic lamina propera (large veins)
- fibromuscular layer (smooth muscles)
- adventita
What arteries supply the vagina and where do they derive from?
uterine and vaginal arteries - both from internal iliac artery
Venous drainage of the vagina
internal iliac veins
What are the 3 sections of lymphatic drainage of the vagina?
- Superior: drains to external iliac nodes
- Middle: drains to internal iliac nodes
- Inferior: drains to superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Where does the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves that supply vagina arise from?
uterovaginal nerve plexus.
What is the ectocervix lined with?
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.
What is endocervical canal line with?
mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium
What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus via?
iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes
What most commonly causes cervicitis?
Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Whats a common complication of cervicitis?
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
What are 2 main classification of cervical cancer? What infection cause majority of cervical cancer?
1) Squamous cell carcinoma - cancer of the epithelial lining of ectocervix.
2) adenocarcinoma - cancer of glands on the lining of cervix
HPV
Describe the anatomical position of the uterus?
- Anteverted: rotated forward to the anterior surface of body.
- Anteflexed: flexed towards the anterior surface of the body.
SOO… uterus is postsuperior to bladder and anterior to rectum
What are 3 tissue layers of the uterus? outer to inner
Peritoneum - continuous with abdominal peritoneum.
Myometrium- cells that undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy
Endometrium - divided into 2 parts:
1) Deep Stratum basalis - changes little, NOT shed
2) Superficial stratum functionalis - proliferates in response to oestrogen, SHEDS
what are the ligaments that support the uterus?
- Broad ligament: pelvis to uterus
- Round ligament: maintain the anterverted position
- Ovarian: ovaries to uterus
- Cardinal ligament: cervix to lateral pelvic wall
- Uterosacral ligament: cervix to sacrum
Where is the sympathetic nerve fibres from?
Uterovaginal plexus - largely comprise the anterior and intermediate parts of the inferior hypogastric plexus
Parasympathetic fibres of uterus?
pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)
What are the 4 parts of fallopian tube (lateral to medial)
1) Fimbriae - capture ovum from ovaries
2) Infundibulum
3) Ampulla - fertilisation occurs here
4) Isthmus
What are the lymphatic drainage of fallopian tube?
iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes
where is the sympathetic and parasymathetic innervation of fallopian tube from? and where does the sensory afferent fibres run from?
Ovarian and uterine plexus
sensory afferent fibres run from T11-L1
what is the ovaries attached to with regard to uterus?
the posterior surface of the broad ligament of uterus.
Functions of the ovaries?
- produce oocytes
- produces oestrogen and progesterone, in response to pituitary gonadotrophin (LH and FSH)
venous drainage of the left ovarian vein?
left renal vein
venous drainage of the right ovarian vein?
inferior vena cava
Where does the lymph from the ovaries drain?
para-aortic nodes
What are the subdivisions of the broad ligament? and where is roughly by
- Mesometrium - big one by uterus more and cover the external iliac vessels
- mesovarium - bit by the ovaries
- mesosalpinx - fallopian tube
What ligament can produce pain in pregnancy?
Round Ligament
What ligament is removed in hysterectomy due to malignancy?
cardinal liagment
What ligament contain the ovarian vessels and nerves?
The suspensory ligament of ovary
