Female reproductive system

Question 1

What area is enclosed by labia minora?

Answer 1

vestibule

Question 2

Where is arterial supplies of vulva from? and where are they derived from?

Answer 2

• Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac artery

- external pudendal artery from femoral artery.

Question 3

Lymphatic drainage of the vulva?

Answer 3

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 4

Where are the sensory nervous supply of the vulva from? Anterior and Posterior

Answer 4

Anterior - illioinguinal nerve, genital branch of gentiofemoral nerve

posterior- pudendal nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 5

Where does the clitoris and vestibule receive parasympathetic innervation from?

Answer 5

cavernous nerves

Question 6

What is anterior, posterior and lateral to the vagina?

Answer 6

anterior: bladder and urether

Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum, and anal canal

lateral: uterus and levator ani muscle

Question 7

What are the layers of vagina (internal to external)

Answer 7

• startified squamous epithelium (lubrication)
• elastic lamina propera (large veins)
• fibromuscular layer (smooth muscles)
• adventita

Question 8

What arteries supply the vagina and where do they derive from?

Answer 8

uterine and vaginal arteries - both from internal iliac artery

Question 9

Venous drainage of the vagina

Answer 9

internal iliac veins

Question 10

What are the 3 sections of lymphatic drainage of the vagina?

Answer 10

• Superior: drains to external iliac nodes
• Middle: drains to internal iliac nodes
• Inferior: drains to superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Question 11

Where does the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves that supply vagina arise from?

Answer 11

uterovaginal nerve plexus.

Question 12

What is the ectocervix lined with?

Answer 12

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.

Question 13

What is endocervical canal line with?

Answer 13

mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

Question 14

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus via?

Answer 14

iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes

Question 15

What most commonly causes cervicitis?

Answer 15

Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 16

Whats a common complication of cervicitis?

Answer 16

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 17

What are 2 main classification of cervical cancer? What infection cause majority of cervical cancer?

Answer 17

1) Squamous cell carcinoma - cancer of the epithelial lining of ectocervix.
2) adenocarcinoma - cancer of glands on the lining of cervix

HPV

Question 18

Describe the anatomical position of the uterus?

Answer 18

• Anteverted: rotated forward to the anterior surface of body.
• Anteflexed: flexed towards the anterior surface of the body.

SOO… uterus is postsuperior to bladder and anterior to rectum

Question 19

What are 3 tissue layers of the uterus? outer to inner

Answer 19

Peritoneum - continuous with abdominal peritoneum.

Myometrium- cells that undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy

Endometrium - divided into 2 parts:
1) Deep Stratum basalis - changes little, NOT shed

2) Superficial stratum functionalis - proliferates in response to oestrogen, SHEDS

Question 20

what are the ligaments that support the uterus?

Answer 20

• Broad ligament: pelvis to uterus
• Round ligament: maintain the anterverted position
• Ovarian: ovaries to uterus
• Cardinal ligament: cervix to lateral pelvic wall
• Uterosacral ligament: cervix to sacrum

Question 21

Where is the sympathetic nerve fibres from?

Answer 21

Uterovaginal plexus - largely comprise the anterior and intermediate parts of the inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 22

Parasympathetic fibres of uterus?

Answer 22

pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

Question 23

What are the 4 parts of fallopian tube (lateral to medial)

Answer 23

1) Fimbriae - capture ovum from ovaries
2) Infundibulum
3) Ampulla - fertilisation occurs here
4) Isthmus

Question 24

What are the lymphatic drainage of fallopian tube?

Answer 24

iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

Question 25

where is the sympathetic and parasymathetic innervation of fallopian tube from? and where does the sensory afferent fibres run from?

Answer 25

Ovarian and uterine plexus

sensory afferent fibres run from T11-L1

Question 26

what is the ovaries attached to with regard to uterus?

Answer 26

the posterior surface of the broad ligament of uterus.

Question 27

Functions of the ovaries?

Answer 27

• produce oocytes

- produces oestrogen and progesterone, in response to pituitary gonadotrophin (LH and FSH)

Question 28

venous drainage of the left ovarian vein?

Answer 28

left renal vein

Question 29

venous drainage of the right ovarian vein?

Answer 29

inferior vena cava

Question 30

Where does the lymph from the ovaries drain?

Answer 30

para-aortic nodes

Question 31

What are the subdivisions of the broad ligament? and where is roughly by

Answer 31

• Mesometrium - big one by uterus more and cover the external iliac vessels
• mesovarium - bit by the ovaries
• mesosalpinx - fallopian tube

Question 32

What ligament can produce pain in pregnancy?

Answer 32

Round Ligament

Question 33

What ligament is removed in hysterectomy due to malignancy?

Answer 33

cardinal liagment

Question 34

What ligament contain the ovarian vessels and nerves?

Answer 34

The suspensory ligament of ovary