The male reproductive system Flashcards
What are the two main erectile tissues?
- Corpora cavernosa
- corpus spongiosum which extends to form glans penis
What does the urethra run through in male?
corpus spongiosum
What are the 4 muscles located at the root of penis?
- Bulbospongiosus (x2)
- Ischiocavernosus (x2)
What are the 3 fascia in the penis?
external fascia - colles
deep fascia - Buck’s
strong fascia - tunica albuginea
what are the 2 ligaments supporting penis?
- Suspensory
- Fundiform
What is the 3 sources of arterial supply to penis and where are they located? what do they branch from
1) Dorsal arteries of penis (at top)
2) Deep arteries of penis (inside)
3) Bulbourethral artery (underneath)
all come from internal pudendal artery which comes from internal iliac artery
What nerve inervated the penis?
where is the parasympathetic innervation from?
Pudendal nerve from S1, S2, S3
parasympathetic from peri-prostatic nerve plexus
Where is the testes originally located?
Posterior abdominal wall
They descend down during embryonic development.
What cells aids in the maturation process of the spermatozoa?
Sertoli cells
What cells are responsible for testosterone production?
Leydig cells
Where is the testicular plexus derived from?
renal and aortic plexi
Where are the testicular arteries from? and what canal do they pass through?
abdominal aorta and pass into the scrotum via inguinal canal.
The testicular arteries is the main arterial supply for testes and epididymis
Other than testicular arteries, what else supplies blood?
- cremasteric artery from the inferior epigastric artery
Venous drainage of the scrotum?
pampiniform plexus
what is the lymphatic drainage of testes? and what is the lymphatic drainage for scrotum?
Lumbar and para-aortic nodes
This is because testes are originally retroperitoneal organs
lymphatic drainage of scrotum in superficial inguinal nodes.
What vessels supply blood to scrotum? Where do they derive from?
anterior scrotal arteries - derive from external pudendal artery
posterior scrotal arteries - derive from internal pudendal artery
veins of scrotum and where do they drain?
scrotal veins - drain into external pudendal veins
nerves supply in scrotum - anterior and anterolateral aspect, posterior aspect
Anterior and anterolateral aspect - from genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
Posterior aspect - perineal branches of the pudendal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Where does the spermatic cord begin and end?
begin at inferior abdomen and end in scrotum
Where do the lymphatics drain from scrotum?
superficial inguinal nodes
where is the spermatic cord formed? and what does it enter the scrotum via?
formed at inguinal canal and enter scrotum via superficial inguinal canal
What muscle forms in the middle layer of the spermatic cord fascia?
cremaster muscle
What does the vas deferens do? What muscle doe it have and the 3 layers of it?
conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ampulla and then ejaculatory duct.
Composed of smooth muscles with longitudinal smooth muscles on the inner and outer layer, and circular smooth muscle in the intermediate layer.
What causes testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord - resulting in necrosis of testis.
Most common cause is the spasm of cremasteric muscle fibres.
What causes testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord - resulting in necrosis of testis.
Most common cause is the spasm of cremasteric muscle fibres.
Which vessel does the left testicular vein drain into?
left renal vein
What does the prostate release into the semen?
proteolytic enzymes
Where is the prostate located?
superior to the external urethral sphintcter
What are 3 zones of the prostate? and what can happen in these areas?
1) Central
2) Transitional zone- surrounds the urethra, likely to undergo BPH
3) Peripheral zone- prostate carcinoma, inflammation
Where are the prostatic arteries mainly derived from?
internal iliac arteries
Where does the prostate receive sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory information from?
inferior hypogastric plexus
Where is the prostate specific antigen (PSA) secreted from?
prostatic epithelium
What does bulbourethral gland release?
glycoprotein
pre-cum (mucus)
What is the epithelium of the bulbourethral glands?
simple columnar epithelium
What is the lining of the seminal vesicles?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Highly influenced by testosterone so grows taller with higher levels
Where are the Seminal glands, the Ejaculatory ducts, Epididymis and Ductus (vas) deferens derived from? (Embryology)
SEED
mesonephric ducts
What dos the secretion from seminal gland contain?
- Alkaline fluid
- Fructose
- Prostaglandins: suppresses female immune response to foreign semen.
- Clotting factors
When is the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in seminal gland?
Point and Shoot
Point: parasympathetic when erected
Shoot: sympathetic while ejaculation
What arteries supply the seminal gland? and where are they derived from?
inferior vesicle, internal pudendal and middle rectal arteries.
All from internal iliac artery.
what is the lymphatic drainage of seminal gland?
external and internal iliac lymph nodes
