The male reproductive system

Question 1

What are the two main erectile tissues?

Answer 1

• Corpora cavernosa

- corpus spongiosum which extends to form glans penis

Question 2

What does the urethra run through in male?

Answer 2

corpus spongiosum

Question 3

What are the 4 muscles located at the root of penis?

Answer 3

• Bulbospongiosus (x2)

- Ischiocavernosus (x2)

Question 4

What are the 3 fascia in the penis?

Answer 4

external fascia - colles
deep fascia - Buck’s
strong fascia - tunica albuginea

Question 5

what are the 2 ligaments supporting penis?

Answer 5

• Suspensory

- Fundiform

Question 6

What is the 3 sources of arterial supply to penis and where are they located? what do they branch from

Answer 6

1) Dorsal arteries of penis (at top)
2) Deep arteries of penis (inside)
3) Bulbourethral artery (underneath)

all come from internal pudendal artery which comes from internal iliac artery

Question 7

What nerve inervated the penis?

where is the parasympathetic innervation from?

Answer 7

Pudendal nerve from S1, S2, S3

parasympathetic from peri-prostatic nerve plexus

Question 8

Where is the testes originally located?

Answer 8

Posterior abdominal wall

They descend down during embryonic development.

Question 9

What cells aids in the maturation process of the spermatozoa?

Answer 9

Sertoli cells

Question 10

What cells are responsible for testosterone production?

Answer 10

Leydig cells

Question 11

Where is the testicular plexus derived from?

Answer 11

renal and aortic plexi

Question 12

Where are the testicular arteries from? and what canal do they pass through?

Answer 12

abdominal aorta and pass into the scrotum via inguinal canal.

The testicular arteries is the main arterial supply for testes and epididymis

Question 13

Other than testicular arteries, what else supplies blood?

Answer 13

• cremasteric artery from the inferior epigastric artery

Question 14

Venous drainage of the scrotum?

Answer 14

pampiniform plexus

Question 15

what is the lymphatic drainage of testes? and what is the lymphatic drainage for scrotum?

Answer 15

Lumbar and para-aortic nodes

This is because testes are originally retroperitoneal organs

lymphatic drainage of scrotum in superficial inguinal nodes.

Question 16

What vessels supply blood to scrotum? Where do they derive from?

Answer 16

anterior scrotal arteries - derive from external pudendal artery

posterior scrotal arteries - derive from internal pudendal artery

Question 17

veins of scrotum and where do they drain?

Answer 17

scrotal veins - drain into external pudendal veins

Question 18

nerves supply in scrotum - anterior and anterolateral aspect, posterior aspect

Answer 18

Anterior and anterolateral aspect - from genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

Posterior aspect - perineal branches of the pudendal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 19

Where does the spermatic cord begin and end?

Answer 19

begin at inferior abdomen and end in scrotum

Question 20

Where do the lymphatics drain from scrotum?

Answer 20

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 21

where is the spermatic cord formed? and what does it enter the scrotum via?

Answer 21

formed at inguinal canal and enter scrotum via superficial inguinal canal

Question 22

What muscle forms in the middle layer of the spermatic cord fascia?

Answer 22

cremaster muscle

Question 23

What does the vas deferens do? What muscle doe it have and the 3 layers of it?

Answer 23

conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ampulla and then ejaculatory duct.

Composed of smooth muscles with longitudinal smooth muscles on the inner and outer layer, and circular smooth muscle in the intermediate layer.

Question 24

What causes testicular torsion

Answer 24

twisting of spermatic cord - resulting in necrosis of testis.

Most common cause is the spasm of cremasteric muscle fibres.

Question 25

What causes testicular torsion

Answer 25

twisting of spermatic cord - resulting in necrosis of testis.

Most common cause is the spasm of cremasteric muscle fibres.

Question 26

Which vessel does the left testicular vein drain into?

Answer 26

left renal vein

Question 27

What does the prostate release into the semen?

Answer 27

proteolytic enzymes

Question 28

Where is the prostate located?

Answer 28

superior to the external urethral sphintcter

Question 29

What are 3 zones of the prostate? and what can happen in these areas?

Answer 29

1) Central
2) Transitional zone- surrounds the urethra, likely to undergo BPH
3) Peripheral zone- prostate carcinoma, inflammation

Question 30

Where are the prostatic arteries mainly derived from?

Answer 30

internal iliac arteries

Question 31

Where does the prostate receive sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory information from?

Answer 31

inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 32

Where is the prostate specific antigen (PSA) secreted from?

Answer 32

prostatic epithelium

Question 33

What does bulbourethral gland release?

Answer 33

glycoprotein

pre-cum (mucus)

Question 34

What is the epithelium of the bulbourethral glands?

Answer 34

simple columnar epithelium

Question 34

What is the lining of the seminal vesicles?

Answer 34

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Highly influenced by testosterone so grows taller with higher levels

Question 35

Where are the Seminal glands, the Ejaculatory ducts, Epididymis and Ductus (vas) deferens derived from? (Embryology)

SEED

Answer 35

mesonephric ducts

Question 36

What dos the secretion from seminal gland contain?

Answer 36

• Alkaline fluid
• Fructose
• Prostaglandins: suppresses female immune response to foreign semen.
• Clotting factors

Question 37

When is the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in seminal gland?

Answer 37

Point and Shoot

Point: parasympathetic when erected

Shoot: sympathetic while ejaculation

Question 38

What arteries supply the seminal gland? and where are they derived from?

Answer 38

inferior vesicle, internal pudendal and middle rectal arteries.

All from internal iliac artery.

Question 39

what is the lymphatic drainage of seminal gland?

Answer 39

external and internal iliac lymph nodes