Bones, muscles, vasculature and nerves AND ureter

Question 1

Where can you palpate the femoral artery?

Answer 1

Mid-inguinal point at the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Question 2

Where is the mid-point of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 2

halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 3

Where do you measure a patients ‘true’ leg length?

Answer 3

from ASIS to the medial malleolus

Question 4

Where does the pudendal nerve branch come from?

Answer 4

S2, S3, S4

Question 5

What muscles make up the pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 5

Levator Ani muscles

• puborectalis
• puboccygeus
• iliococcygeus

Cocccygeus muscles - most posterior pelvic floor

Question 6

What nerve innervates the levator ani muscles?

Answer 6

Innervated by the anterior ramus of S4 and branches of the pudendal nerve (roots S2, S3 and S4).

Question 7

What is the main function of puborectalis?

Answer 7

maintain faecal continence

Question 8

What fibres are important in preserving urinary incontinence?

Answer 8

pre-rectal fibres

Question 9

What nerves innervated coccygeus?

Answer 9

Innervated by the anterior rami of S4 and S

Question 10

What operations put the ureters are risk of damage? and why?

Answer 10

Oophorectomy - as they are close proximity to ovaries

Hysterectomy - ureters run underneath uterine arteries

Question 11

In male, how does the vas deferens cross the ureters?

Answer 11

anteriorly

Question 12

With ureteric calculus, where are they most likely to get stuck?

Answer 12

• uretopelvic junction
• pelvic brim
• where ureter enters bladder

Question 13

What arteries supply blood to ureters in the abdominal region?

Answer 13

• renal artery
• testicular/ovarian artery
• ureteral branches directly from aorta

Question 14

what artery supply blood to ureter in pelvic region?

Answer 14

• superior and inferior vesical arteries

Question 15

where are the nervous to the ureters via?

Answer 15

renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexus.

Question 16

Where does the sensory fibres from ureter end in spinal cord?

Answer 16

T11-L2

Question 17

At what vertebral level does the common iliac artery bifuricate to be internal and external?

Answer 17

L5-S1

Question 18

Where does the internal iliac artery divide into anterior and posterior trunks?

Answer 18

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 19

What branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?

Answer 19

• Obturator
• umbilical
• inferior vesicle
• vaginal
• uterine
• middle rectal
• internal pudendal
• inferior gluteal

Question 20

What branches of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?

Answer 20

• Iliolumbar artery
• Lateral sacral arteries (superior and inferior)
• superior gluteal artery

Question 21

What does the obturator artery supply?

Answer 21

muscles of the thighs adductor region

Question 22

What does the umbilical artery supply?

Answer 22

Gives rise to the superior vesical artery, which supplies the superior aspect of the urinary bladder.

In utero, the umbilical artery transports deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

Question 23

What does the inferior vesical artery supply?

Answer 23

• lower aspect of the bladder

- in males, supplies prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Question 24

What does the inferior vaginal artery supply?

Answer 24

• vagina

- branches to inferior bladder and rectum

Question 25

What does the middle rectal artery supply?

Answer 25

distal part of rectum

Question 26

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 26

gluteal muscles and hip joints

Question 27

What does the iliolumbar artery supply?

Answer 27

• psoas major
• Quadratus lumborum
• posterior abdominal wall
• the muscles and bones around the iliac fossa

Question 28

What does the lateral sacral arteries (superior and inferior)?

Answer 28

• structures in the sacral canal

- skin and muscles posterior to the sacrum

Question 29

What does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 29

major blood supply to the muscles and skin of the gluteal regions