Bones, muscles, vasculature and nerves AND ureter Flashcards
Where can you palpate the femoral artery?
Mid-inguinal point at the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Where is the mid-point of the inguinal ligament?
halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle
Where do you measure a patients ‘true’ leg length?
from ASIS to the medial malleolus
Where does the pudendal nerve branch come from?
S2, S3, S4
What muscles make up the pelvic floor muscles?
Levator Ani muscles
- puborectalis
- puboccygeus
- iliococcygeus
Cocccygeus muscles - most posterior pelvic floor
What nerve innervates the levator ani muscles?
Innervated by the anterior ramus of S4 and branches of the pudendal nerve (roots S2, S3 and S4).
What is the main function of puborectalis?
maintain faecal continence
What fibres are important in preserving urinary incontinence?
pre-rectal fibres
What nerves innervated coccygeus?
Innervated by the anterior rami of S4 and S
What operations put the ureters are risk of damage? and why?
Oophorectomy - as they are close proximity to ovaries
Hysterectomy - ureters run underneath uterine arteries
In male, how does the vas deferens cross the ureters?
anteriorly
With ureteric calculus, where are they most likely to get stuck?
- uretopelvic junction
- pelvic brim
- where ureter enters bladder
What arteries supply blood to ureters in the abdominal region?
- renal artery
- testicular/ovarian artery
- ureteral branches directly from aorta
what artery supply blood to ureter in pelvic region?
- superior and inferior vesical arteries
where are the nervous to the ureters via?
renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexus.
Where does the sensory fibres from ureter end in spinal cord?
T11-L2
At what vertebral level does the common iliac artery bifuricate to be internal and external?
L5-S1
Where does the internal iliac artery divide into anterior and posterior trunks?
Greater sciatic foramen
What branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?
- Obturator
- umbilical
- inferior vesicle
- vaginal
- uterine
- middle rectal
- internal pudendal
- inferior gluteal
What branches of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?
- Iliolumbar artery
- Lateral sacral arteries (superior and inferior)
- superior gluteal artery
What does the obturator artery supply?
muscles of the thighs adductor region
What does the umbilical artery supply?
Gives rise to the superior vesical artery, which supplies the superior aspect of the urinary bladder.
In utero, the umbilical artery transports deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
What does the inferior vesical artery supply?
- lower aspect of the bladder
- in males, supplies prostate gland and seminal vesicles
What does the inferior vaginal artery supply?
- vagina
- branches to inferior bladder and rectum
What does the middle rectal artery supply?
distal part of rectum
What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?
gluteal muscles and hip joints
What does the iliolumbar artery supply?
- psoas major
- Quadratus lumborum
- posterior abdominal wall
- the muscles and bones around the iliac fossa
What does the lateral sacral arteries (superior and inferior)?
- structures in the sacral canal
- skin and muscles posterior to the sacrum
What does the superior gluteal artery supply?
major blood supply to the muscles and skin of the gluteal regions
