Urinary Flashcards
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Acute Kidney Injury
Diagnosed by:
* (Blood Test) Elevated blood urea nitrogen
* (Blood Test) Elevated serum creatinine
* (Blood Test) Elevated potassium
* (Blood Test) Low pH
* (Urinalysis) Casts
* (Urinalysis) Low specific gravity
* (Urinalysis) Proteinuria
Treatment:
* Diet low in protein, sodium, potassium
* Restricted Fluid Intake
* Dialysis
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Lower UTIs (Urethritis & Cystitis)
Diagnosed by:
* Microexamination of urine
* Patient history
Treatment:
* Antibiotics
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Upper UTI (Pyelonephritis)
Diagnosed by:
* Urinalysis
* Pus and blood in urine
Treatment:
* Antibiotics
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Lupus Nephritis
Diagnosed by:
* Patient history
* Physical exam
* Urinalysis
* Blood tests
* Ultrasound
* Biopsy
Treatment:
* Anti-inflammatory drugs
* Immunesuppresants
* Antihypertensives
* Reduced salt and fat diet
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
IgA Nephropathy
Diagnosed by:
* Tests for blood urea nitrogen
* Urinalysis
* Urine biopsy
Treatment:
* Hypertension medications
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Diagnosed by:
* Urinalysis
* Patient history
* Physical examination
* Renal biopsy
Treatment:
* Anti-inflammatory drugs
* Immune suppressants
* Hypertensive medication
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Kidney Stones
Diagnosed by:
* CT
* Renal ultrasound
* Patient history
* Blood analysis
* Urinalysis
Treatment:
* Hydrolithotripsy
* Surgery
* Medication that will dissolve the stone
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Renal Failure
Diagnosed by:
* Blood tests revealing elevated blood urea nitrogen
* GFR tests
Treatment:
* Renal dialysis
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Diabetic Nephropathy
Diagnosed by:
* Patient history
* Kidney biopsy
Treatment:
* Antihypertensives
* Dialysis
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Hypertensive Kidney Disease (Renovascular Hypertension)
Diagnosed by:
* Patient history,
* Ultrasound
* Renal arteriography
* Renin levels in renal veins
Treatment:
* Various surgeries
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)
Diagnosed by:
* Patient history
* (Urinalysis) High protein levels
* (Urinalysis) Casts
* (Blood Tests) High lipids
* (Blood Tests) Low albumin
* Kidney biopsy
Treatment:
* Hypertension medications
* Diuretics
* Immune-suppressants
* Cholesterol-lowering drugs
* Blood-thinning medications
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Hydronephrosis
Diagnosed by:
* Physical exam
* CT
* Ultrasound
* Urinalysis
Treatment:
* Antibiotics
* Analgesics
* Cathetarization
* Surgery
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Diagnosed by:
* Patient history
* Urinalysis
* Blood urea nitrogen serum creatinine levels
* Ultrasound
* CT
* Biopsy
Treatment:
* Antihypertensive medications
* Low-sodium diet
* Diuretics
* Dialysis
* Transplantation
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Urinary Incontinence
Diagnosed by:
* Patient history
* Physical exam
* Laboratory blood tests
* Diary of incontinence for patterns and triggers
* Ultrasound
* Cytoscopy
Treatment:
* Behavioural changes
* Pelvic exercises
* Medications
* Catheterization surgery
Diagnosis and Treatment of:
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Diagnosed by:
* CT
* Ultrasound
Treatment:
* Surgery removal of tumours
