Reproductive

Question 1

Prostatitis

Answer 1

Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, DRE, cystoscopy, and urodynamic testing
Treatments: Antibiotics and analgesics(bacterial prostatitis), smooth muscle relaxants(urinary symptoms)

Question 2

Epididymitis

Answer 2

Diagnosis: Physical exam, DRE, STI testing, ultrasound, PET scan of testes
Treatment: Pain-relievers, bed rest, elevation and application of ice packs to relieve scrotum swelling

Question 3

Orchitis

Answer 3

Diagnosis: Physical exam, STI testing, analysis of urine, ultrasound, PET scan of testicles
Treatment: Viral infection(pain-relievers, bed rest, elevation, application of cold-packs to scrotum), Bacterial infection(antibiotics)

Question 4

Cryptorchidism

Answer 4

Diagnosis: Palpation of scrotum and abdomen to locate testicles, ultrasound, MRI, hormone and genetic tests

Question 5

Testicular Cancer

Answer 5

Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, imaging technology, serum marker tests, surgery to remove testicle, biopsy
Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant

Question 6

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH)

Answer 6

Diagnosis: Medical history, DRE, urine analysis, culture, urodynamic testing, cystoscopy
Treatment: Medications such as alpha blockers(increases urinary flow by relaxing smooth muscles in the prostate), hormone therapy(blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT)

Question 7

Prostate Cancer

Answer 7

Diagnosis: Systematic biopsy, DRE, PSA blood-test ultrasound
Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, active surveillance, removal of testes or medications that block testosterone

Question 8

Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 8

Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, overnight erection test, ultrasound, blood tests, and psychological exams
Treatment: Medication(increases blood flow to erectile tissues through relaxation of penile smooth muscles), surgery or penis pump/implant, therapy and treatment for other underlying conditions

Question 9

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)

Answer 9

Diagnosis: Physical exam, STI testing, ultrasound
Treatment: Antibiotics(can treat but cannot reverse the damage)

Question 10

Cervical Cancer

Answer 10

Diagnosis: Pelvic examination, Pap test, HPV DNA test, cervical biopsy coloposcopy
Treatment: Radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy

Question 11

Endometrial Cancer

Answer 11

Diagnosis: Medical history, pelvic exam, hysteroscopy, endometrial biopsy or C&D, CA-1215 blood test, complete blood count
Treatment: Surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

Question 12

Leiomyomas

Answer 12

Diagnosis: Pelvic exam and ultrasound
Treatment: Uterine artery embolization, focused ultrasound surgery(destroys tumor using high frequency sound waves), surgical removal

Question 13

Ovarian Cancer

Answer 13

Diagnosis: CT scans and MRI scans(confirms tumor presence), laparoscopy, CA-125 blood test
Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

Question 14

Breast Cancer

Answer 14

Diagnosis: Regular screening and early diagnosis, self-examination and clinical breast examination(CBE), ultrasound, mammograms, biopsies
Treatment: Surgery(lumpectomy, mastectomy), chemotherapy, radiation therapy

Question 15

Fibroadenomas

Answer 15

Diagnosis: Breast exam, mammogram, ultrasound, MRI
Treatment: Often stops growing or shrink without treatment, surgical removal or laser ablation can be used to remove tumors

Question 16

Breast Cysts

Answer 16

Diagnosis: Breast exam, mammogram, ultrasound, biopsy
Treatment: Isn’t required unless overly large or painful, typically disappear after menopause, oral contraceptives can reduce recurrence, fluid can be drained via aspiration

Question 17

Fibrocystic Breast Changes(FBC)

Answer 17

Diagnosis: Breast exam, mammogram, ultrasound

Question 18

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 18

Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, ultrasound, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy
Treatment: Antibiotics, oral contraceptives, pain relievers, treatment of any accompanying or underlying conditions

Question 19

Menorrhagia

Answer 19

Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, Pap test, blood test, biopsy, ultrasound
Treatment: Iron supplements, pain relievers, contraceptives, progestin therapy(to decrease menstrual flow)

Question 20

Metorrhagia

Answer 20

Diagnosis: Physical exam, blood tests, culture, pap tests, pregnancy test result, ultrasound, biopsy

Question 21

Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS) & Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder(PMDD)

Answer 21

Diagnosis: Medical history, pelvic exam, psychiatric evaluation
Treatment: Antidepressants, oral contraceptives, pain relievers(for PMDD), sleeping well, eating a healthy diet, avoiding salt, caffeine and alcohol, exercising regularly, taking calcium and vitamin B6, managing stress

Question 22

Endometriosis

Answer 22

Diagnosis: Laparoscopy
Treatment: Pain relievers, surgery, estrogen reducing hormone therapy

Question 23

Preeclampsia

Answer 23

Treatment: For mild cases, frequent monitoring of blood pressure, reduced salt intake, and increased water intake may be recommended

Question 24

Uterine Prolapse

Answer 24

Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, ultrasound, MRI
Treatment: Strengthening pelvic floor muscles, inserting a pessary into the vagina for uterine support, surgery

Question 25

Cystocele

Answer 25

Diagnosis: Pelvic exams
Treatment: Pelvic exercises, vaginal pessary, or surgery

Question 26

Rectocele

Answer 26

Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, MRI, X-Rays
Treatment: Pelvic floor muscle-strengthening exercises, surgery and/or vaginal pessary

Question 27

Rectocele

Answer 27

Diagnosis: DNA testing, ELISA, Gram stain
Treatment: Antibiotic injection in conjunction with oral antibiotic

Question 28

Syphilis

Answer 28

Diagnosis: Dark-field microscopic visualization, ELISA, and bacterial agglutination assays
Treatment: Antibiotics, but initial damage cannot be repaired

Question 29

Chlamydia

Answer 29

Diagnosis: Culture, DNA testing, antigen testing
Treatment: Antibiotics

Question 30

Trichomoniasis

Answer 30

Treatment: Anti-parasitic medications

Question 31

Genital Warts

Answer 31

Diagnosis: Physical exam
Treatment: Medications, electrocautery, surgical methods