Reproductive Flashcards
Prostatitis
Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, DRE, cystoscopy, and urodynamic testing
Treatments: Antibiotics and analgesics(bacterial prostatitis), smooth muscle relaxants(urinary symptoms)
Epididymitis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, DRE, STI testing, ultrasound, PET scan of testes
Treatment: Pain-relievers, bed rest, elevation and application of ice packs to relieve scrotum swelling
Orchitis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, STI testing, analysis of urine, ultrasound, PET scan of testicles
Treatment: Viral infection(pain-relievers, bed rest, elevation, application of cold-packs to scrotum), Bacterial infection(antibiotics)
Cryptorchidism
Diagnosis: Palpation of scrotum and abdomen to locate testicles, ultrasound, MRI, hormone and genetic tests
Testicular Cancer
Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, imaging technology, serum marker tests, surgery to remove testicle, biopsy
Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH)
Diagnosis: Medical history, DRE, urine analysis, culture, urodynamic testing, cystoscopy
Treatment: Medications such as alpha blockers(increases urinary flow by relaxing smooth muscles in the prostate), hormone therapy(blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT)
Prostate Cancer
Diagnosis: Systematic biopsy, DRE, PSA blood-test ultrasound
Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, active surveillance, removal of testes or medications that block testosterone
Erectile Dysfunction
Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, overnight erection test, ultrasound, blood tests, and psychological exams
Treatment: Medication(increases blood flow to erectile tissues through relaxation of penile smooth muscles), surgery or penis pump/implant, therapy and treatment for other underlying conditions
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)
Diagnosis: Physical exam, STI testing, ultrasound
Treatment: Antibiotics(can treat but cannot reverse the damage)
Cervical Cancer
Diagnosis: Pelvic examination, Pap test, HPV DNA test, cervical biopsy coloposcopy
Treatment: Radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy
Endometrial Cancer
Diagnosis: Medical history, pelvic exam, hysteroscopy, endometrial biopsy or C&D, CA-1215 blood test, complete blood count
Treatment: Surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Leiomyomas
Diagnosis: Pelvic exam and ultrasound
Treatment: Uterine artery embolization, focused ultrasound surgery(destroys tumor using high frequency sound waves), surgical removal
Ovarian Cancer
Diagnosis: CT scans and MRI scans(confirms tumor presence), laparoscopy, CA-125 blood test
Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Breast Cancer
Diagnosis: Regular screening and early diagnosis, self-examination and clinical breast examination(CBE), ultrasound, mammograms, biopsies
Treatment: Surgery(lumpectomy, mastectomy), chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Fibroadenomas
Diagnosis: Breast exam, mammogram, ultrasound, MRI
Treatment: Often stops growing or shrink without treatment, surgical removal or laser ablation can be used to remove tumors
Breast Cysts
Diagnosis: Breast exam, mammogram, ultrasound, biopsy
Treatment: Isn’t required unless overly large or painful, typically disappear after menopause, oral contraceptives can reduce recurrence, fluid can be drained via aspiration
Fibrocystic Breast Changes(FBC)
Diagnosis: Breast exam, mammogram, ultrasound
Dysmenorrhea
Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, ultrasound, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy
Treatment: Antibiotics, oral contraceptives, pain relievers, treatment of any accompanying or underlying conditions
Menorrhagia
Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, Pap test, blood test, biopsy, ultrasound
Treatment: Iron supplements, pain relievers, contraceptives, progestin therapy(to decrease menstrual flow)
Metorrhagia
Diagnosis: Physical exam, blood tests, culture, pap tests, pregnancy test result, ultrasound, biopsy
Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS) & Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder(PMDD)
Diagnosis: Medical history, pelvic exam, psychiatric evaluation
Treatment: Antidepressants, oral contraceptives, pain relievers(for PMDD), sleeping well, eating a healthy diet, avoiding salt, caffeine and alcohol, exercising regularly, taking calcium and vitamin B6, managing stress
Endometriosis
Diagnosis: Laparoscopy
Treatment: Pain relievers, surgery, estrogen reducing hormone therapy
Preeclampsia
Treatment: For mild cases, frequent monitoring of blood pressure, reduced salt intake, and increased water intake may be recommended
Uterine Prolapse
Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, ultrasound, MRI
Treatment: Strengthening pelvic floor muscles, inserting a pessary into the vagina for uterine support, surgery
Cystocele
Diagnosis: Pelvic exams
Treatment: Pelvic exercises, vaginal pessary, or surgery
Rectocele
Diagnosis: Pelvic exam, MRI, X-Rays
Treatment: Pelvic floor muscle-strengthening exercises, surgery and/or vaginal pessary
Rectocele
Diagnosis: DNA testing, ELISA, Gram stain
Treatment: Antibiotic injection in conjunction with oral antibiotic
Syphilis
Diagnosis: Dark-field microscopic visualization, ELISA, and bacterial agglutination assays
Treatment: Antibiotics, but initial damage cannot be repaired
Chlamydia
Diagnosis: Culture, DNA testing, antigen testing
Treatment: Antibiotics
Trichomoniasis
Treatment: Anti-parasitic medications
Genital Warts
Diagnosis: Physical exam
Treatment: Medications, electrocautery, surgical methods
