Muscoskeletal Flashcards
Osteomyelitis
Diagnosis: Bone biopsy, white blood cell count, MRI and CT
Treatment: Antibiotics, Surgery
Tuberculosis
Diagnosis: Patient history
Treatment: Antibiotics, surgery
Osteoporosis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, x-ray
Treatment: Calcium and Phosphorus supplement
Rickets
Diagnosis: Physical exam, x-ray
Treatment: Vitamin D fortified milk, sunlight, cod liver cell
Osteomalacia
Diagnosis: Physical exam, x-ray
Treatment: Vitamin D supplements, calcium-rich diet
Paget’s Disease(Osteitis Deformans)
Diagnosis: Physical exam, x-ray, bone scan, biopsy
Treatment: Calcitonin, etidronate, mithramycin
Scoliosis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, history, x-ray
Treatment: Braces, surgery
Kyphosis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, x-rays
Treatment: Symptomatic treatment
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Diagnosis: Biopsy, x-ray, CT
Treatment: Chemotherapy, surgical removal
Bone fractures
Diagnosis: Physical exam, imaging
Treatment: Immobilization, surgery
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Diagnosis: X-rays, RF tests
Treatment: Physical exam, blood tests
Osteoarthritis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, x-ray
Treatment: Rest, mild exercise, heat application, anti-inflammatory medication, steroids(cortisone), surgical replacements
Gout(Gouty Arthritis)
Diagnosis: Uric level in blood, x-ray, aspirated joint fluid
Treatment: Rest, hot and cold compresses, analgesics, corticosteroids, agents that promote lower uric acid levels, colchicine
Septic Arthritis
Diagnosis: History, blood and synovial cultures
Treatment: Antibiotics
Bursitis
Diagnosis: Physical exam, medical history
Treatment: Rest, anti-inflammatories, moist heat applications, steroid injections
Herniated Discs
Treatment: Anti-inflammatories, analgesics, surgery
Dislocation
Diagnosis: Physical exam
Treatment: Immobilization
Sprains
Diagnosis: Physical exam
Treatment: Immobilization, cold compresses, heat compresses
Strains
Diagnosis: Physical exam
Treatment: Rest, initial icing, heating after
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS)
Diagnosis: Physical exam, history, EMG, nerve conduction analysis
Treatment: Avoid repetitive activity, immobilization, injection of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, surgery
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
Diagnosis: Physical exam, serum enzymes, muscle biopsy, electromyocardiography
Treatment: Physical therapy, orthopedic procedures
Myasthenia Gravis(MG)
Diagnosis: Antibody levels, response to anticholinesterase drugs, EMG
Treatment: Thymectomy, anticholinesterase drugs, steroids, immune suppression
Muscle Tumours
Diagnosis: Physical examination
Treatment: Surgical removals
