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MedCell Exam 5 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the renal column of bertin?

A

cortex

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2
Q

What is the location of the renal column of bertin?

A

Medula, between renal pyramids

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3
Q

The renal capsule is made up of what two layers?

A

Outer layer of capsule (OLC)

Inner layer of capsule (ILC)

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4
Q

What is the outer layer of the renal capsule made of and described as?

A

collagen Fibroblasts

tough

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5
Q

What is the inner layer of the renal capsule made of and described as?

A

Collagen and myofibroblasts

spoungy

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6
Q

What is the basic unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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7
Q

The kidney cortex contains 2 sub sections

A

1) cortical labyrinth “curly structures”

2) Medullary Rays “Straight structures” “Stripes”

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8
Q

The cortical labyrinth of the kidney cortex contains what?

A

“Curly structures”

1) renal corpuscle (capillaries)
2) Proximal convulated tubercle (PCT)
3) Distal Convulated tubercle (DCT)
4) connecting tubes

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9
Q

The medullary rays of the kidney cortex contain what?

A

“Straight structures” “Stripes”

1) straight tubules
2) collecting ducts
3) Slender stripes (base of pyramids -> cortex)

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10
Q

A kidney lobe is made up of what?

A

Renal pyramid
Cortical arch
Columns of Bertin

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11
Q

A kidney lobule is made up of what?

A

collecting duct

all nephrons that empty into it

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12
Q

A uriniferous tubule is made up of what?

A

Nephron and collecting duct

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13
Q

A nephron is made up of

A

renal corpuscle
PCT/DCT
Descending/ascending limb
Henle’s loop

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14
Q

A renal corpuscle is made up of what two things?

A

1) Glomerulus

2) Bowerman’s capsule

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15
Q

What is the precursor to the Bowerman’s capsule?

A

Renal tubercal

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16
Q

What is the function of Bowerman’s capsule?

A

To surround the Glomerulus

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17
Q

What is the Glomerulus?

A

Tuffs of fenestrated Capillaries

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18
Q

Which has a larger lumen? Afferent atriole of Efferent Atriole?

A

Afferent Atriole

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19
Q

The Glomerulus filtration barrier is has what cells?

A

Podocytes (primary processes)

- which have pedicel “fingers” (secondary processes)

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20
Q

What forms the visceral layer of Bowerman’s Capsule?

A

Podocytes (primary processes)

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21
Q

What forms the parietal layer of Bowerman’s Capsule/corpuscle?

A

Basement membrane
- Basal Lamina
Parietal Epithelial cells
-simple squamous epithelium

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22
Q

Where can glycocalyx and glucoproteins be found?

A

The endothelial layer of Bowerman’s capsule

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23
Q

Congenital nephrotic syndrome “leaky slit diaphragm syndrome” is caused by what? and what does it lead to?

A

Mutation in nephron gene
Leads to massive proteinuria
which leads to edema

24
Q

Ultrafiltrate travels directly to the

25
What does the PCT contain?
Cuboidal cells Microvilli (striated or brush border) -absorb substances Lots of mitochondria
26
What are the components of the Glomerular filter?
Fenestrated capillary endothelium fenestrations Glomerular basement membrane (basal lamina) Pedicles, (podocytes secondary processes)
27
What is the function and where are intraglomerular mesangial cells?
Phagocytic, reabsorbs basal lamina | Embedded in basement membrane/basal lamina between glomerular capillaries
28
What is Alport's syndrome (hereditary glomerulonephritis) caused by and what is it leading to?
Mutation in gene encoding type IV Collagen in Glomeruli Leads to renal "leaking" which leads to hematuria, proteinuria Which leads to renal failure
29
What two things make up the loop of henle?
``` Thin limbs Thick limbs (accending/decending) ```
30
What does the accending thick limb have a similar profile to?
DCT
31
What does the decending thick limb have a similar profile to?
PCT
32
What describes the DCT?
Clear lumen Few cuboidal epithelial cells Lots of Mitochondria Zonula occludentes (tight junctinos)
33
Vasa recta are what? And how do they look?
Arteries "straight arteries" | Bubbles
34
What is the function fo the macula densa?
chemoreceptor | promotes renin secretion by juxtaglomerular cells
35
What does renin secretion promote?
uptake of Na+ and Cl- and excretion of K+ to increase fluid volume and raise BP
36
Where is the Macula densa located? and what is it made of?
Next to glomerulus | modified segment of distal tubule
37
What are Juxtaglomerular cells made of?
modified smooth muscle cells
38
Where is renin stored?
Juxtaglomerular cells
39
What is the main function of Juxtaglomerular cells
control BP
40
What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus made of?
Macula densa & juxtaglomerular cells
41
Renal papilla are contain what?
about 20 ducts of Bellini | Transitional epithelium
42
How does fluid leave the Renal papilla?
1) Duct openings form Cibrosa "strainer" | 2) Project to minor Calyx (from only 1 pyramid)
43
What is the minor/major calyx made of?
lamina propria | smooth muscle
44
What does the major calyx receive
up to 4 minor calyicies
45
Connecting tubules are made of what?
simple cuboidal epithelium
46
Collecting ducts are made of what?
multiple connecting tubules
47
What is between collecting ducts? and what makes it up?
Renal interstitium | -Fibroblasts, macrophages, CT
48
What is the Ureter made of?
``` Transitional epithelium Lamina propria Smooth muscle Adventiva -outer must have connective tissue ```
49
When does the lumen of the ureter fold?
When it is empty
50
How is the smooth muscle of the ureter orientated?
Longituidnal | circular (peristalsis)
51
What two layers make up the urinary bladder? and what do those layers contain?
``` Muscularis -Inner/outer(middle) longitudinal -Circular -outermost longitudinal epithelium - Capillaries - Umbrella cells (water proofing) -Mucosa: Transitional Epithelium, Lamina Propria ```
52
What is the urothelium made up of?
Transitional epithelial cells (apical portion) | Uroethelial plaques + ZO= impermeable barrier
53
What are the functions of Hinge regions and Fusiform vesicles?
when bladder empty-> fold into irregular jagged contours | When bladder full-> smooth edges
54
What glands are contained in the penile spongy uretha?
Para-urethral glands (inside penile urethra) Bulbourethral glands/cowper's glands -mucous, pre-seminal fluid -neutralize acidic urine
55
Where is transitional epithelieum located in the female urethra?
near the neck of bladder
56
Where is stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium located in the female urethra?
everywhere not near the neck of bladder
57
What are the functions of the glands of Littre of the female urethra?
Clear, mucous secreting glands of Littre

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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