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MedCell Exam 5 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the renal column of bertin?

A

cortex

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2
Q

What is the location of the renal column of bertin?

A

Medula, between renal pyramids

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3
Q

The renal capsule is made up of what two layers?

A

Outer layer of capsule (OLC)

Inner layer of capsule (ILC)

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4
Q

What is the outer layer of the renal capsule made of and described as?

A

collagen Fibroblasts

tough

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5
Q

What is the inner layer of the renal capsule made of and described as?

A

Collagen and myofibroblasts

spoungy

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6
Q

What is the basic unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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7
Q

The kidney cortex contains 2 sub sections

A

1) cortical labyrinth “curly structures”

2) Medullary Rays “Straight structures” “Stripes”

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8
Q

The cortical labyrinth of the kidney cortex contains what?

A

“Curly structures”

1) renal corpuscle (capillaries)
2) Proximal convulated tubercle (PCT)
3) Distal Convulated tubercle (DCT)
4) connecting tubes

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9
Q

The medullary rays of the kidney cortex contain what?

A

“Straight structures” “Stripes”

1) straight tubules
2) collecting ducts
3) Slender stripes (base of pyramids -> cortex)

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10
Q

A kidney lobe is made up of what?

A

Renal pyramid
Cortical arch
Columns of Bertin

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11
Q

A kidney lobule is made up of what?

A

collecting duct

all nephrons that empty into it

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12
Q

A uriniferous tubule is made up of what?

A

Nephron and collecting duct

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13
Q

A nephron is made up of

A

renal corpuscle
PCT/DCT
Descending/ascending limb
Henle’s loop

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14
Q

A renal corpuscle is made up of what two things?

A

1) Glomerulus

2) Bowerman’s capsule

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15
Q

What is the precursor to the Bowerman’s capsule?

A

Renal tubercal

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16
Q

What is the function of Bowerman’s capsule?

A

To surround the Glomerulus

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17
Q

What is the Glomerulus?

A

Tuffs of fenestrated Capillaries

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18
Q

Which has a larger lumen? Afferent atriole of Efferent Atriole?

A

Afferent Atriole

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19
Q

The Glomerulus filtration barrier is has what cells?

A

Podocytes (primary processes)

- which have pedicel “fingers” (secondary processes)

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20
Q

What forms the visceral layer of Bowerman’s Capsule?

A

Podocytes (primary processes)

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21
Q

What forms the parietal layer of Bowerman’s Capsule/corpuscle?

A

Basement membrane
- Basal Lamina
Parietal Epithelial cells
-simple squamous epithelium

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22
Q

Where can glycocalyx and glucoproteins be found?

A

The endothelial layer of Bowerman’s capsule

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23
Q

Congenital nephrotic syndrome “leaky slit diaphragm syndrome” is caused by what? and what does it lead to?

A

Mutation in nephron gene
Leads to massive proteinuria
which leads to edema

24
Q

Ultrafiltrate travels directly to the

A

PCT

25
Q

What does the PCT contain?

A

Cuboidal cells
Microvilli (striated or brush border)
-absorb substances
Lots of mitochondria

26
Q

What are the components of the Glomerular filter?

A

Fenestrated capillary endothelium
fenestrations
Glomerular basement membrane (basal lamina)
Pedicles, (podocytes secondary processes)

27
Q

What is the function and where are intraglomerular mesangial cells?

A

Phagocytic, reabsorbs basal lamina

Embedded in basement membrane/basal lamina between glomerular capillaries

28
Q

What is Alport’s syndrome (hereditary glomerulonephritis) caused by and what is it leading to?

A

Mutation in gene encoding type IV Collagen in Glomeruli
Leads to renal “leaking”
which leads to hematuria, proteinuria
Which leads to renal failure

29
Q

What two things make up the loop of henle?

A 
Thin limbs 
Thick limbs (accending/decending)
30
Q

What does the accending thick limb have a similar profile to?

A

DCT

31
Q

What does the decending thick limb have a similar profile to?

A

PCT

32
Q

What describes the DCT?

A

Clear lumen
Few cuboidal epithelial cells
Lots of Mitochondria
Zonula occludentes (tight junctinos)

33
Q

Vasa recta are what? And how do they look?

A

Arteries “straight arteries”

Bubbles

34
Q

What is the function fo the macula densa?

A

chemoreceptor

promotes renin secretion by juxtaglomerular cells

35
Q

What does renin secretion promote?

A

uptake of Na+ and Cl- and excretion of K+ to increase fluid volume and raise BP

36
Q

Where is the Macula densa located? and what is it made of?

A

Next to glomerulus

modified segment of distal tubule

37
Q

What are Juxtaglomerular cells made of?

A

modified smooth muscle cells

38
Q

Where is renin stored?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

39
Q

What is the main function of Juxtaglomerular cells

A

control BP

40
Q

What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus made of?

A

Macula densa & juxtaglomerular cells

41
Q

Renal papilla are contain what?

A

about 20 ducts of Bellini

Transitional epithelium

42
Q

How does fluid leave the Renal papilla?

A

1) Duct openings form Cibrosa “strainer”

2) Project to minor Calyx (from only 1 pyramid)

43
Q

What is the minor/major calyx made of?

A

lamina propria

smooth muscle

44
Q

What does the major calyx receive

A

up to 4 minor calyicies

45
Q

Connecting tubules are made of what?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

46
Q

Collecting ducts are made of what?

A

multiple connecting tubules

47
Q

What is between collecting ducts? and what makes it up?

A

Renal interstitium

-Fibroblasts, macrophages, CT

48
Q

What is the Ureter made of?

A 
Transitional epithelium
Lamina propria
Smooth muscle
Adventiva
-outer must have connective tissue
49
Q

When does the lumen of the ureter fold?

A

When it is empty

50
Q

How is the smooth muscle of the ureter orientated?

A

Longituidnal

circular (peristalsis)

51
Q

What two layers make up the urinary bladder? and what do those layers contain?

A 
Muscularis
-Inner/outer(middle) longitudinal
-Circular 
-outermost longitudinal
epithelium
- Capillaries
- Umbrella cells (water proofing)
-Mucosa: Transitional Epithelium, Lamina Propria
52
Q

What is the urothelium made up of?

A

Transitional epithelial cells (apical portion)

Uroethelial plaques + ZO= impermeable barrier

53
Q

What are the functions of Hinge regions and Fusiform vesicles?

A

when bladder empty-> fold into irregular jagged contours

When bladder full-> smooth edges

54
Q

What glands are contained in the penile spongy uretha?

A

Para-urethral glands (inside penile urethra)
Bulbourethral glands/cowper’s glands
-mucous, pre-seminal fluid
-neutralize acidic urine

55
Q

Where is transitional epithelieum located in the female urethra?

A

near the neck of bladder

56
Q

Where is stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium located in the female urethra?

A

everywhere not near the neck of bladder

57
Q

What are the functions of the glands of Littre of the female urethra?

A

Clear, mucous secreting glands of Littre

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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