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MedCell Exam 5 > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cortex of the ovary?

A

outer portion where follicles are/mature

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2
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the medulla?

A

It is well vascularized

also has loose connective tissue

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3
Q

what does this describe? haploid cells created

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

what does this describe? cross over

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

what does this describe? cell duplication

A

mitosis

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6
Q

When does oogenesis start?

A

before birth 3rd-7th month

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7
Q

What steps of oogenesis are complete at the time of birth? What stage does it stop at?

A

Oogonia 2n 2d 46s chromosomes -> Primary oocyte (only thing present at birth) (stops at prophase 1)

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8
Q

What allows for the completion of meiosis 1? and what does it form?

A

Menarcy

forms a secondary oocyte 1n 2d

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9
Q

Ovulation allows for the start of what stage? When does it stop? and what is produced?

A

Meiosis 2
Metaphase 2
1n 2

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10
Q

What allows for the formation of a mature ovum? and what is it?

A

fertilization

1n 1d

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11
Q

What part of the ovary is where most cancer starts?

A

Germinal epithelium

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12
Q

What is the germinal epithelium made of?

A

Simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

What causes polycystic ovary disease? And what does it result in?

A 
Excessively thick tunica albuginea
Prevents complete follicular development
Prevents follicles from rupturing
infrequent/incomplete ovulation
Results in no corpus luteuin = hormone deficiency
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14
Q

What is the Tunica albuginea made of?

A

dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

thicker in males than females

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15
Q

What makes up an ovarian follicle

A

oocyte and follicle or granulosa cells

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16
Q

when does follicle maturation occur?

A

Puberty to menopause

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17
Q

What is the order of follicle development?

A 
Primordial follicle
Unilaminar (primary follicle)
Multilaminar (primary follicle)
Antral (secondary follicle)
Mature (Graafian follicle)
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18
Q

Granulosa cells have an obvious what?

A

nucleus

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19
Q

Ovulation is triggered by what?

A

FSH and LH

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20
Q

Following ovulation what happens to the granulosa and thecal cells?

A

transformed into temporary endocrine gland

The corpus luteum

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21
Q

Differentiated granulosa cells (Granulosa Lutein Cells) secrete what?

A

progesterone

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22
Q

Differentiated Theca interna cells (Theca Lutein Cells) secrete what?

A

Androgens and progesterone

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23
Q

Where does the signal to start the mentural cycle come from?

A

They hypothalmus neurosecretory cells secrete hormones to produce Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Gonadotropes release FSH and LH
FSH and LH transported to ovary to stimulated follicles to mature and release

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24
Q

FSH and LH act on Progesterone and Oesterogen to do what?

A

Build up, spike at day 12-15

This allows for ovulation and the ovum is released

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25
When does the endometrium build up?
throught ovulation days 12-16
26
If not fertilized what happens to the corpus leuteum?
Becomes the corpus leuteum mensturation - sheds functional layer - becomes corpus albicons
27
If fertilized what happens to the corpus leuteum?
Becomes the corpus leuteum of pregnancy - releases estrogen and progesterone - maintains endometrium during pregnancy
28
Where is correct fertilization done?
in the ampulla of the fallopian tube
29
What moves the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus?
peristalsis and ciliary movement
30
The uterine tube is made of what?
visceral peritoneum -has mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and loose CT Simple columnar epithelium -covers mucosal folds
31
What covers the mucosal folds?
simple columnar epithelium
32
What is the function of non-ciliated peg cells?
Secrete nutrients and glycoproteins for egg and sperm
33
What is a tubal ectopic pregnancy?
Growing fetus causes tube to rupture
34
What could be a risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancies?
scar tissue blocking the lumen of uterine tube
35
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium Myometrium endometrium (mucosa)
36
What does the perimetrium of the uterus consist of?
1) serosa (single layer mesothelium and loose CT) | 2) Adventita (dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue)
37
What muscle directions does the myometrium of the uterus consist of?
outer longitudinal middle circular inner longitudinal
38
What does the endometrium (mucosa) of the uterus consist of?
Basal layer functional layer Blood vessels surface epithelium
39
What do the basal and functional layer contain?
connective tissue glands blood vessels
40
what layer of the uterus is shed during menaces with blood?
The functional layer in the endometrium (mucosa) layer
41
Is the basal layer ever shed during menaces?
NO
42
Does the vagina contain glands?
NO
43
What is the Endocervical canal between?
``` Endocervical epithelium (simple columnar, mucous secrete) and Vaginal Epithelium (stratified squamous, nonkeratinized) ```
44
Where does all mucous come from?
cervix
45
What is the cervix made of?
dense collagenous tissue Elastic fibers- for fetal growth and delivery Smooth muscle
46
How are cervical glands described?
Branched with mucous secreting columnar cells
47
Positive or negative Cervical Pap Smear? Pycnotic (small and dark) nuclei Abundant cytoplasm RBCs Few neutrophils
Negative (normal)
48
Positive or negative Cervical Pap Smear? Large nuclei Little cytoplasm Many neutrophils
Positive
49
What days/part of the menustral cycle is the endometrial lining shed?
days 1-4 | Menstural flow
50
What causes the bleeding?
AS functional layer is shed blood vessels break off
51
What days/part of the menustral cycle does the functional layers proliferate in resonse to estrogen?
Days 5-15 | Follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte stage
52
What comprises of the functional layers?
compact | spongy
53
What comprises the endometrium?
uterine mucosa - epithelium - lamina propria
54
What days/part of the menustral cycle are glands straight tubes?
Days 5-15 | Follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte stage
55
What days/part of the menustral cycle are glands coiled tubes?
Early secretory phase
56
What happens in the late secretory phase if there is no implantation?
Corpus luetum stops functioning - progesterone and estrogen decline - signals functional layer to shed
57
What days/part of the menustral cycle are glands the most coiled tubes?
Late secretory phase
58
When will the egg implant if fertilized?
days 15-28 | Secretory phase
59
When is the corpus luteum formed?
days 15-28 | Secretory phase
60
When does the functional layer become re-paved?
Days 5-15 | Follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte stage
61
What does progesterone stimulate? and when?
synthesis and secretion of glucoproteins by uterine glands. days 15-28 Secretory phase
62
Describe the endometrium post-menopause
think atrophic endometrium - inactive glands - stratum Basale
63
What are Uterine Leiomyoma or Fibroids? What are they made of? What layer are they imbedded in? What do they cause?
- BENIGN TUMORS - whorls of smooth muscle/collagen - imbedded in myometrium - Cause heavy menstrual flow
64
What is a malignant leiomyoma of Fibroid?
Leiomyosarcoma
65
What is the vagina made of?
1) stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium w/ glycogen 2) Lamina propria w/ elastic fibers 3) muscularis 4) adventitia
66
What surround lobules in breast tissue?
Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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