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MedCell Exam 5 > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cortex of the ovary?

A

outer portion where follicles are/mature

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2
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the medulla?

A

It is well vascularized

also has loose connective tissue

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3
Q

what does this describe? haploid cells created

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

what does this describe? cross over

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

what does this describe? cell duplication

A

mitosis

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6
Q

When does oogenesis start?

A

before birth 3rd-7th month

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7
Q

What steps of oogenesis are complete at the time of birth? What stage does it stop at?

A

Oogonia 2n 2d 46s chromosomes -> Primary oocyte (only thing present at birth) (stops at prophase 1)

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8
Q

What allows for the completion of meiosis 1? and what does it form?

A

Menarcy

forms a secondary oocyte 1n 2d

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9
Q

Ovulation allows for the start of what stage? When does it stop? and what is produced?

A

Meiosis 2
Metaphase 2
1n 2

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10
Q

What allows for the formation of a mature ovum? and what is it?

A

fertilization

1n 1d

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11
Q

What part of the ovary is where most cancer starts?

A

Germinal epithelium

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12
Q

What is the germinal epithelium made of?

A

Simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

What causes polycystic ovary disease? And what does it result in?

A 
Excessively thick tunica albuginea
Prevents complete follicular development
Prevents follicles from rupturing
infrequent/incomplete ovulation
Results in no corpus luteuin = hormone deficiency
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14
Q

What is the Tunica albuginea made of?

A

dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

thicker in males than females

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15
Q

What makes up an ovarian follicle

A

oocyte and follicle or granulosa cells

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16
Q

when does follicle maturation occur?

A

Puberty to menopause

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17
Q

What is the order of follicle development?

A 
Primordial follicle
Unilaminar (primary follicle)
Multilaminar (primary follicle)
Antral (secondary follicle)
Mature (Graafian follicle)
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18
Q

Granulosa cells have an obvious what?

A

nucleus

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19
Q

Ovulation is triggered by what?

A

FSH and LH

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20
Q

Following ovulation what happens to the granulosa and thecal cells?

A

transformed into temporary endocrine gland

The corpus luteum

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21
Q

Differentiated granulosa cells (Granulosa Lutein Cells) secrete what?

A

progesterone

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22
Q

Differentiated Theca interna cells (Theca Lutein Cells) secrete what?

A

Androgens and progesterone

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23
Q

Where does the signal to start the mentural cycle come from?

A

They hypothalmus neurosecretory cells secrete hormones to produce Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Gonadotropes release FSH and LH
FSH and LH transported to ovary to stimulated follicles to mature and release

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24
Q

FSH and LH act on Progesterone and Oesterogen to do what?

A

Build up, spike at day 12-15

This allows for ovulation and the ovum is released

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25
Q

When does the endometrium build up?

A

throught ovulation days 12-16

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26
Q

If not fertilized what happens to the corpus leuteum?

A

Becomes the corpus leuteum mensturation

  • sheds functional layer
  • becomes corpus albicons
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27
Q

If fertilized what happens to the corpus leuteum?

A

Becomes the corpus leuteum of pregnancy

  • releases estrogen and progesterone
  • maintains endometrium during pregnancy
28
Q

Where is correct fertilization done?

A

in the ampulla of the fallopian tube

29
Q

What moves the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus?

A

peristalsis and ciliary movement

30
Q

The uterine tube is made of what?

A

visceral peritoneum
-has mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and loose CT
Simple columnar epithelium
-covers mucosal folds

31
Q

What covers the mucosal folds?

A

simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

What is the function of non-ciliated peg cells?

A

Secrete nutrients and glycoproteins for egg and sperm

33
Q

What is a tubal ectopic pregnancy?

A

Growing fetus causes tube to rupture

34
Q

What could be a risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancies?

A

scar tissue blocking the lumen of uterine tube

35
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
endometrium (mucosa)

36
Q

What does the perimetrium of the uterus consist of?

A

1) serosa (single layer mesothelium and loose CT)

2) Adventita (dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue)

37
Q

What muscle directions does the myometrium of the uterus consist of?

A

outer longitudinal
middle circular
inner longitudinal

38
Q

What does the endometrium (mucosa) of the uterus consist of?

A

Basal layer
functional layer
Blood vessels
surface epithelium

39
Q

What do the basal and functional layer contain?

A

connective tissue
glands
blood vessels

40
Q

what layer of the uterus is shed during menaces with blood?

A

The functional layer in the endometrium (mucosa) layer

41
Q

Is the basal layer ever shed during menaces?

A

NO

42
Q

Does the vagina contain glands?

A

NO

43
Q

What is the Endocervical canal between?

A 
Endocervical epithelium (simple columnar, mucous secrete)
and 
Vaginal Epithelium (stratified squamous, nonkeratinized)
44
Q

Where does all mucous come from?

A

cervix

45
Q

What is the cervix made of?

A

dense collagenous tissue
Elastic fibers- for fetal growth and delivery
Smooth muscle

46
Q

How are cervical glands described?

A

Branched with mucous secreting columnar cells

47
Q

Positive or negative Cervical Pap Smear?

Pycnotic (small and dark) nuclei
Abundant cytoplasm
RBCs
Few neutrophils

A

Negative (normal)

48
Q

Positive or negative Cervical Pap Smear?

Large nuclei
Little cytoplasm
Many neutrophils

A

Positive

49
Q

What days/part of the menustral cycle is the endometrial lining shed?

A

days 1-4

Menstural flow

50
Q

What causes the bleeding?

A

AS functional layer is shed blood vessels break off

51
Q

What days/part of the menustral cycle does the functional layers proliferate in resonse to estrogen?

A

Days 5-15

Follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte stage

52
Q

What comprises of the functional layers?

A

compact

spongy

53
Q

What comprises the endometrium?

A

uterine mucosa

  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
54
Q

What days/part of the menustral cycle are glands straight tubes?

A

Days 5-15

Follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte stage

55
Q

What days/part of the menustral cycle are glands coiled tubes?

A

Early secretory phase

56
Q

What happens in the late secretory phase if there is no implantation?

A

Corpus luetum stops functioning

  • progesterone and estrogen decline
  • signals functional layer to shed
57
Q

What days/part of the menustral cycle are glands the most coiled tubes?

A

Late secretory phase

58
Q

When will the egg implant if fertilized?

A

days 15-28

Secretory phase

59
Q

When is the corpus luteum formed?

A

days 15-28

Secretory phase

60
Q

When does the functional layer become re-paved?

A

Days 5-15

Follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte stage

61
Q

What does progesterone stimulate? and when?

A

synthesis and secretion of glucoproteins by uterine glands.
days 15-28
Secretory phase

62
Q

Describe the endometrium post-menopause

A

think atrophic endometrium

  • inactive glands
  • stratum Basale
63
Q

What are Uterine Leiomyoma or Fibroids?
What are they made of?
What layer are they imbedded in?
What do they cause?

A
  • BENIGN TUMORS
  • whorls of smooth muscle/collagen
  • imbedded in myometrium
  • Cause heavy menstrual flow
64
Q

What is a malignant leiomyoma of Fibroid?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

65
Q

What is the vagina made of?

A

1) stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium w/ glycogen
2) Lamina propria w/ elastic fibers
3) muscularis
4) adventitia

66
Q

What surround lobules in breast tissue?

A

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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