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MedCell Exam 5 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What does the conducting portion of the respiratory tract consist of?

A

Extrapulmonary and Intrapulmonary

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2
Q

What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract? and what do these structures contain?

A

Where gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries occurs

All structures have alveoli

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3
Q

What structures are extrapulmonary?

A

Trachea and primary bronchi

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4
Q

What structures are intrapulmonary

A

secondary/tertiary/small bronchi
Bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

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5
Q

What strucutres are respiratory?

A

Respiratory bronchioles
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
alveolus

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6
Q

What is the respiratory epithelium mandated to be made of?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells
-contains basal cells (stem cells)

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7
Q

What cells are contained in the respiratory epithelium only in bronchioles?

A

Club cells (clara cells)- stem cells that replace ciliated and non ciliated bronchial or epithelial cells

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts of club cells?

A

Surface-active agent-> to prevent luminal adhesion if bronchiolar walls collapse
C16 (club cell secretory portion)-> antioxidant & anti-inflamitory

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9
Q

What is the function of Brush cells

A

sensory receptors, brush border microvilli

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10
Q

What is the function of Kulchitsky cells, and when are they in high numbers

A

neuroendocrine cells

high numbers= fetal lungs, or adult with pulmonary disease

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11
Q

The mucosa layer consists of what 3 things?

A

Epithelium- includes BM
Lamina propria- loose CT with glands
Muscularis mucosae- smooth muscle, maintains airway diameters

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12
Q

The olfactory region has 3 layers that lie on the cribriform bone (ethmoid bone)

A

1) mucosa only layer
2) olfactory epithelium
3) Lamina propria

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13
Q

The olfactory epithelium consists of what?

A

pseudostratified columnar (ciliated)
Olfactory receptor cells
NO GOBLET CELLS

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14
Q

Supporting cells secrete what

A

odorant binding proteins to support nurousish, insulate

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15
Q

Olfactory receptor cells are what types of cells?

A

bipolar neurons with unmyelinated axons

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16
Q

The oropharynx and larynogopharynx share regions with the digestive tract therefore their mucosa has

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous instead of respiratory

- food more abrasive than air

17
Q

The larynx has two layers

A 
epithelium
-resp. epithelium 
-non keritanized stratified squamous where abrassion
lamina propria
-vocal ligament
-seromucous glands
18
Q

Where is Reinke’z space between the BM and the vocal ligament located??

A

The laminia propria of the larynx

19
Q

Where does the cartilage form C rings? and what happens to hyaline cartilage with age?

A

Adventita of Trachea and primary bronchi

Cartilage ossifies with age

20
Q

Where in the respiratory tract is the adventitia vascularized?

A

secondary and tertiary bronchi

21
Q

Where in the respiratory tract do the hyaline cartilage plates begin to shrink?

A

secondary and tertiary bronchi

22
Q

where is the muscularis beginning to appear discontinuous? and the mucosa cell height first seen decreasing?

A

secondary and tertiary bronchi

23
Q

Where is infolding of mucosa seen?

A

smaller bronchi and sometimes terminal bronchioles

24
Q

Where are discontinuous spirals of muscularis seen?

A

smaller bronchi

25
Q

Where is the first place no cartilage is seen?

A

Bronchioles

26
Q

Where does pseudostratified columnar epithelium become simple cuboidal?

A

respiratory bronchioles

27
Q

Where does mucosa form a solid wall?

A

Terminal bronchioles

28
Q

Where is the muscularis seen as small circumferential strips?

A

Terminal bronchioles

29
Q

Where is the last purely conducting portion?

A

Terminal bronchioles

30
Q

What type of alveoli cell facilitates gaseous diffusion?

A

Type 1 alveolar cells (pneumocyte)

31
Q

What type of alveoli cell cannot divide?

A

Type 1 alveolar cells (pneumocyte)

32
Q

What type of alveoli cell has simple squamous epithelium?

A

Type 1 alveolar cells (pneumocyte)

33
Q

what type of alveoli cell has lamellar bodies?

A

Type 2 alveolar cells (pneumocyte)

34
Q

What type of alveoli cell is a stem cell that can divide into either type 1 or 2 alveoli cell?

A

Type 2 alveolar cells (pneumocyte)

35
Q

What is the function of lamellar bodies?

A

secrete surfacant

36
Q

What is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome a result of?

A

Type 2 alveolar cells don’t differentiate until weeks 22-34
not enough sufracant till week 35
high risk of lung collapse

37
Q

What is the function of brush cells?

A

sensory receptors

38
Q

What is the function of macrophages (dust cells)?

A

patrol alveolar lumen

patrol CT of alveolar septum

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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