Respiratory Flashcards
What does the conducting portion of the respiratory tract consist of?
Extrapulmonary and Intrapulmonary
What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract? and what do these structures contain?
Where gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries occurs
All structures have alveoli
What structures are extrapulmonary?
Trachea and primary bronchi
What structures are intrapulmonary
secondary/tertiary/small bronchi
Bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
What strucutres are respiratory?
Respiratory bronchioles
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
alveolus
What is the respiratory epithelium mandated to be made of?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells
-contains basal cells (stem cells)
What cells are contained in the respiratory epithelium only in bronchioles?
Club cells (clara cells)- stem cells that replace ciliated and non ciliated bronchial or epithelial cells
What are the 2 parts of club cells?
Surface-active agent-> to prevent luminal adhesion if bronchiolar walls collapse
C16 (club cell secretory portion)-> antioxidant & anti-inflamitory
What is the function of Brush cells
sensory receptors, brush border microvilli
What is the function of Kulchitsky cells, and when are they in high numbers
neuroendocrine cells
high numbers= fetal lungs, or adult with pulmonary disease
The mucosa layer consists of what 3 things?
Epithelium- includes BM
Lamina propria- loose CT with glands
Muscularis mucosae- smooth muscle, maintains airway diameters
The olfactory region has 3 layers that lie on the cribriform bone (ethmoid bone)
1) mucosa only layer
2) olfactory epithelium
3) Lamina propria
The olfactory epithelium consists of what?
pseudostratified columnar (ciliated)
Olfactory receptor cells
NO GOBLET CELLS
Supporting cells secrete what
odorant binding proteins to support nurousish, insulate
Olfactory receptor cells are what types of cells?
bipolar neurons with unmyelinated axons
The oropharynx and larynogopharynx share regions with the digestive tract therefore their mucosa has
nonkeratinized stratified squamous instead of respiratory
- food more abrasive than air
The larynx has two layers
epithelium -resp. epithelium -non keritanized stratified squamous where abrassion lamina propria -vocal ligament -seromucous glands
Where is Reinke’z space between the BM and the vocal ligament located??
The laminia propria of the larynx
Where does the cartilage form C rings? and what happens to hyaline cartilage with age?
Adventita of Trachea and primary bronchi
Cartilage ossifies with age
Where in the respiratory tract is the adventitia vascularized?
secondary and tertiary bronchi
Where in the respiratory tract do the hyaline cartilage plates begin to shrink?
secondary and tertiary bronchi
where is the muscularis beginning to appear discontinuous? and the mucosa cell height first seen decreasing?
secondary and tertiary bronchi
Where is infolding of mucosa seen?
smaller bronchi and sometimes terminal bronchioles
Where are discontinuous spirals of muscularis seen?
smaller bronchi
