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MedCell Exam 5 > Lower GI > Flashcards

Lower GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 modifications the Small intestine can dot to increase the surface area? and what are they made of?

A

1) plicae circulares (mucosa and submucosa)
2) Villi (mucosa)
3) microvilli (surface epithelium)

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2
Q

What part of the small intestine has larger sized plicae?

A

Larger size in duodenum and jujenum

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3
Q

What part of the small intestines has Brunners glands?

A

Duodenal

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4
Q

What part of the small intestines has a Adventitia?

A

Duodenal

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5
Q

What part of the small intestine has a serosa?

A

most of it besides the duodenal

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6
Q

Type of epithelium in the mucosa of the small intestine?

What cells does it have?

A

Simple columnar epithelium (absorb, striated border)

goblet cells, villi

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7
Q

The lamina propria of the small intestine extends into what? and has what?

A

into villi

has lacteals and intestinal glands

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8
Q

What are lacteals?

A

lymph capillaries

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of intestinal glands (AKA crypts of Lieberkühn)? and where do they open up to?

A

Panath cells
Goblet cells
Endocrine cells- secrete hormones
Stem cells- near base

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10
Q

What are Panath cells? and where are they?

A

base of glands

secrete antibiotics, and support intestinal flora

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11
Q

Describe the submucosa of the small intestine?

A

no glands

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12
Q

What is the function of Duodenal glands/ Brunner’s glands?

A

Secrete bicarbonate mucous to neutralize chyme

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13
Q

What does this describe?
No distinct features
narrow microvilli
plicae circularis well defined

A

Jejunum

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14
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

in the ileum

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15
Q

What do Peyer’s patches do?
What are Peyer’s patches made of?
Where are they found?

A

Have M cells that provide antigen transport for immune response
Made of aggregated lymph nodules
Extend from lamina propia to submucosa

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16
Q

Describe the mucosa of the large intestine?

A

Lacks villi
microvilli irregular
intestinal glands straight
more goblet cells

17
Q

Describe the muscularis externis of the large intestine?

A

complete inner layer
outer layer reduced
-3 teniae coil

18
Q

Where is serosa found

A

interperitoneal

19
Q

Where is adventia found

A

retroperitoneal

20
Q

What does the veriform appendix contain? and in what layers?

A

abundant lymphoid nodules in lamina propria and submucosa

21
Q

What are the two folds of the rectum

A

transverse rectal fold

longitudinal rectal fold

22
Q

What does the transverse rectal fold do?

What does it consist of?

A

supports weight of feces

Inner circular layer of muscularis externa

23
Q

What is the longituidinal rectal fold made of?
Is it permanent or temporary?
What does it do?

A

mucosa and submucosa
temporary
allow distension

24
Q

Is there tenia coli in the rectum?

A

no

25
Q

In the anal canal simple columnar (rectal) epitelium becomes what?

A

stratified squamous Epithelium

26
Q

What happens to the stratified squamous epithelium between the anal columns and the pectinate line

A

transitions to simple cuboidal

27
Q

what happens to the simple cuboidal epithelium between the pectinate line and the intersphincteric line?

A

it itransitions to Simple squamous non keratinized epithelium

28
Q

Inferiorly to the intershpincteric line what happens to the simple squamous non keratinized epithelium?

A

it becomes keratinized Simple squamous epithelium

29
Q

Anal valves

A

compress the anal sinuses

30
Q

Anal sinuses

A

have anal glands

-mucous gands

31
Q

Intersphincteric line

A

between internal and external sphincters

32
Q

Anal columns

A

mark anorenal junction

33
Q

superior to the pectinate line

inferior to the pectinate line

A

Anal columns

Intershpincteric line

34
Q

Celiac disease
symptoms
cause

A

immune response, Villi atrophy
Weightloss, diarrhea, anemia, vit. deficiencies
Malabsorption

35
Q

Diverticula known as…

involves what layers?

A

false diverticulum

involves mucosa and submucosa only

36
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum known as…
involves what layers?
caused by

A

true diverticulum
-involves all layers of gut wall
persistent yolk stalk

37
Q

Polyps are caused by what?

Lead to an increased risk of?

A

over proliferation of intestinal gland cells

increased risk of adenocarcinoma

38
Q

Appendicitis is what?
Caused by what?
That leads to what?
What causes the inflammation and ulceration?

A

inflammation of veriform appendix
blockage which leads to a build up of mucous, pressure and then rupture
infection of mucosa causes inflammation and ulceration

39
Q

Hirchsprung’s disease “congenital megacolon”
what is it?
What is it cased by?
What does it cause?

A

absence of enteric nerves in portion of bowel
due to a failure in migration of neural crest cells
feces back up into functional bowel increasing diameter

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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