Glands and Accessory Organs

Question 1

What do salivary glands facilitate?

Answer 1

Taste
Swallowing
Initiate digestion

Question 2

What are the 3 types of salivary glands

Answer 2

Parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

Question 3

What is the trend of the salivary glands in regards to mucous/serous secretion from posterior to anterior?

Answer 3

Mostly serous
Mostly serous some mucous
Mostly mucous some serous

Question 4

Which salivary gland is purely serous

Answer 4

parotid gland

Question 5

Which salivary gland is mostly serous and some mucous

Answer 5

submandibular gland

Question 6

Which salivary gland is mostly mucous and some serous

Answer 6

sublingual gland

Question 7

What is the are the two types of cells of the intercalated duct in the pancreas? and what are their function?

Answer 7

Centroacinar cells- project into acini

Ductal cells- secrete water and bicarbonate

Question 8

Where are Acinar cells located and what shape are they?

Answer 8

in the Acini of the pancreas

pyramidal

Question 9

Where are zymogen granuels found and what do they have?

Answer 9

in the Acini of the pancreas

has inactive digestive enzymes

Question 10

What is Glisson’s capsule of the liver?

Answer 10

connective tissue capsule

Question 11

What does the portal canal contain?

Answer 11

Portal triad
CT and Lymph Vessels
Perioportal space

Question 12

What is the perioportal space

Answer 12

space between hepatocytes and portal canal

Question 13

What type of epithelium does the bile duct contain

Answer 13

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 14

what does the portal traid consist of

Answer 14

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

Question 15

What is at the corners of the hepatic lobule?

Answer 15

portal canal

Question 16

What is in the center of the hepatic lobule?
What is at the corners of the hepatic lobule?
What is the shape of the hepatic lobule?

Answer 16

Central vein
portal canal
hexagonal

Question 17

What does the hepatic lobule trace?

Answer 17

blood flow through the liver

Question 18

How does blood supply the liver?

Answer 18

dual supply

portal vein and hepatic artery

Question 19

What is the path of the blood flow through the liver

Answer 19

portal vein and hepatic artery anastomose to form sinusoids (hepatocytes process blood here)
Flows into central vein
flows into hepatic veins
Flows into IVC

Question 20

What is in the short axis of the hepatic acinus?
What is at the long axis of the hepatic acinus?
What is the shape of the hepatic acinus?

Answer 20

opposing portal canals
opposing central veins
Quadrangular

Question 21

What is in the center of the Portal lobule?
What is at the corners of the portal lobule?
What is the shape of the portal lobule?

Answer 21

portal canal
central vein
triangular

Question 22

What does the hepatic acinus describe?

Answer 22

blood perfusion and metabolic activity

Question 23

What does the portal lobule trace?

Answer 23

production of bile

Question 24

Describe zone 1 and zone 3 of the hepatic acinus to me

Answer 24

zone 1= high O2 nutrients toxins

Zone 3= high co2 metabolic waste

Question 25

Which zone of the acinus is the first to show damage and die?

Answer 25

Zone 3

Question 26

Which zone of the acinus is the first to regenerate?

Answer 26

Zone 1

Question 27

Where is bile produced? Where is bile immediately drained into?

Answer 27

Hepatocytes | bile canaliculi

Question 28

What type of endothelial cells line sinusoids? How would you describe them?

Answer 28

simple squamous | discontinuous

Question 29

Where is the site of exchange between blood and hepatocytes?

Answer 29

Perisinusoidal space in sinusoids

Question 30

Where are hepatocyte microvilli?

Answer 30

in the perisinusoidal space in sinusoids

Question 31

What is the function of stellate cells?

Answer 31

lipid and Vit A storage

Question 32

What are the functions of Kupffer cells?

Answer 32

Macrophages | Forms part of sinusoidal lining

Question 33

What are the functions of hepatocytes?

Answer 33

1) metabolically active 2) Detoxification 3) metabolism and storage of glycogen and lipids 4) Blood Protein synthesis and secretion 5) Bile salt secretion and synthesis 6) Bilirubin conjugation

Question 34

What does a fatty liver result in? | What is it caused by?

Answer 34

Excess accumulation of fatty deposits in hepatocytes | Alcohol consumption, diabetes, excessive fat consumption

Question 35

What does a liver cirrhosis result in? | What is it caused by?

Answer 35

excessive deposit of collagen in hepatocytes due to stellate cells Disrupts blood flow to hepatocytes Caused by alcoholism and hepatitis

Question 36

What is the pathway for bile? and what is each step have for epithelium?

Answer 36

Hepatocyte bile canaliculi- simple cuboidal epithelium canal of hering- simple cuboidal epithelium intrahepatic bile ductules- simple cuboidal epithelium interlobular ducts- simple cuboidal epithelium hepatic duct- Simple columnar epithelium gall bladder- Simple columnar epithelium

Question 37

What is the space between hepatocytes called? and What type of junction does it have?

Answer 37

Bile canaliculi | tight junctions

Question 38

Where are cholangiocytes located and what do they do?

Answer 38

Canal of Hering | Simple cuboidal cells lining canal of hering

Question 39

Where is the interlobular bile duct located?

Answer 39

within portal canal

Question 40

What layers are missing from the gall bladder

Answer 40

lacks muscularis mucosae and submucosa

Question 41

What type of epithelium does the mucosa of the gallbladder have?

Answer 41

simple columnar epithelium with microvili

Question 42

How would you describe the muscularis externa of the gall bladder?

Answer 42

disorganized

Question 43

Does the gallbladder have an adventitia or serosa?

Answer 43

It has both yah fool