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MedCell Exam 5 > Glands and Accessory Organs > Flashcards

Glands and Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What do salivary glands facilitate?

A

Taste
Swallowing
Initiate digestion

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of salivary glands

A

Parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

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3
Q

What is the trend of the salivary glands in regards to mucous/serous secretion from posterior to anterior?

A

Mostly serous
Mostly serous some mucous
Mostly mucous some serous

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4
Q

Which salivary gland is purely serous

A

parotid gland

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5
Q

Which salivary gland is mostly serous and some mucous

A

submandibular gland

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6
Q

Which salivary gland is mostly mucous and some serous

A

sublingual gland

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7
Q

What is the are the two types of cells of the intercalated duct in the pancreas? and what are their function?

A

Centroacinar cells- project into acini

Ductal cells- secrete water and bicarbonate

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8
Q

Where are Acinar cells located and what shape are they?

A

in the Acini of the pancreas

pyramidal

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9
Q

Where are zymogen granuels found and what do they have?

A

in the Acini of the pancreas

has inactive digestive enzymes

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10
Q

What is Glisson’s capsule of the liver?

A

connective tissue capsule

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11
Q

What does the portal canal contain?

A

Portal triad
CT and Lymph Vessels
Perioportal space

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12
Q

What is the perioportal space

A

space between hepatocytes and portal canal

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13
Q

What type of epithelium does the bile duct contain

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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14
Q

what does the portal traid consist of

A

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

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15
Q

What is at the corners of the hepatic lobule?

A

portal canal

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16
Q

What is in the center of the hepatic lobule?
What is at the corners of the hepatic lobule?
What is the shape of the hepatic lobule?

A

Central vein
portal canal
hexagonal

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17
Q

What does the hepatic lobule trace?

A

blood flow through the liver

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18
Q

How does blood supply the liver?

A

dual supply

portal vein and hepatic artery

19
Q

What is the path of the blood flow through the liver

A

portal vein and hepatic artery anastomose to form sinusoids (hepatocytes process blood here)
Flows into central vein
flows into hepatic veins
Flows into IVC

20
Q

What is in the short axis of the hepatic acinus?
What is at the long axis of the hepatic acinus?
What is the shape of the hepatic acinus?

A

opposing portal canals
opposing central veins
Quadrangular

21
Q

What is in the center of the Portal lobule?
What is at the corners of the portal lobule?
What is the shape of the portal lobule?

A

portal canal
central vein
triangular

22
Q

What does the hepatic acinus describe?

A

blood perfusion and metabolic activity

23
Q

What does the portal lobule trace?

A

production of bile

24
Q

Describe zone 1 and zone 3 of the hepatic acinus to me

A

zone 1= high O2 nutrients toxins

Zone 3= high co2 metabolic waste

25
Q

Which zone of the acinus is the first to show damage and die?

A

Zone 3

26
Q

Which zone of the acinus is the first to regenerate?

A

Zone 1

27
Q

Where is bile produced? Where is bile immediately drained into?

A

Hepatocytes

bile canaliculi

28
Q

What type of endothelial cells line sinusoids? How would you describe them?

A

simple squamous

discontinuous

29
Q

Where is the site of exchange between blood and hepatocytes?

A

Perisinusoidal space in sinusoids

30
Q

Where are hepatocyte microvilli?

A

in the perisinusoidal space in sinusoids

31
Q

What is the function of stellate cells?

A

lipid and Vit A storage

32
Q

What are the functions of Kupffer cells?

A

Macrophages

Forms part of sinusoidal lining

33
Q

What are the functions of hepatocytes?

A

1) metabolically active
2) Detoxification
3) metabolism and storage of glycogen and lipids
4) Blood Protein synthesis and secretion
5) Bile salt secretion and synthesis
6) Bilirubin conjugation

34
Q

What does a fatty liver result in?

What is it caused by?

A

Excess accumulation of fatty deposits in hepatocytes

Alcohol consumption, diabetes, excessive fat consumption

35
Q

What does a liver cirrhosis result in?

What is it caused by?

A

excessive deposit of collagen in hepatocytes due to stellate cells
Disrupts blood flow to hepatocytes
Caused by alcoholism and hepatitis

36
Q

What is the pathway for bile? and what is each step have for epithelium?

A

Hepatocyte
bile canaliculi- simple cuboidal epithelium
canal of hering- simple cuboidal epithelium
intrahepatic bile ductules- simple cuboidal epithelium
interlobular ducts- simple cuboidal epithelium
hepatic duct- Simple columnar epithelium
gall bladder- Simple columnar epithelium

37
Q

What is the space between hepatocytes called? and What type of junction does it have?

A

Bile canaliculi

tight junctions

38
Q

Where are cholangiocytes located and what do they do?

A

Canal of Hering

Simple cuboidal cells lining canal of hering

39
Q

Where is the interlobular bile duct located?

A

within portal canal

40
Q

What layers are missing from the gall bladder

A

lacks muscularis mucosae and submucosa

41
Q

What type of epithelium does the mucosa of the gallbladder have?

A

simple columnar epithelium with microvili

42
Q

How would you describe the muscularis externa of the gall bladder?

A

disorganized

43
Q

Does the gallbladder have an adventitia or serosa?

A

It has both yah fool

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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