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MedCell Exam 5 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

collect sound waves

convert soundwaves to mechanical vibrations

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2
Q

What is the function of the middle ear

A

Amplifies mechanical vibrations

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3
Q

What is the function of the internal ear

A

converts fluid vibrations to nerve impulses

detect (sound, orientation, acceleration)

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4
Q

What are the three main structures of the external ear?

A

Auricle
External Acoustic meatus
Tympanic memrane

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5
Q

What is the function of the Auricle

What does the Auricle have? skin

A

catch sound waves

-thin skin (hair, sweat, sebasous glands)

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6
Q

What glands do the External acoustic meatus have? and what is it’s function

A 
Ceruminous glands (modified sweat glands)
Secrete waxy cerumen
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7
Q

What is the function of the tympanic membrane?

What is the tympanic membrane made of?

A

Convert soundwaves-> mechanical vibrations

  • lined by external skin (ectoderm)
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium (endoderm)
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8
Q

What are the three oossicles of the middle ear?

A 
malleus (hammer)
-attached to tympanic membrane
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)
-sits in oval window
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9
Q

What is the attenuation reflex to loud sounds?

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius dampen vibration of oossicles

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10
Q

What is the middle ear lined by?

Any glands?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

mucous glands in auditory tube

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11
Q

What two labrynths makeup the internal ear?

A

Bone labrynth

Membranous labrynth

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12
Q

Where is the bone labrynth?

What is it filled with?

A

space within temporal bone

perilymph

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13
Q

Where is the membranous labrynth?

What is it filled with?

A

sacs suspended within bone labrynth

endolymph

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14
Q

What does the membranous labrynth contain?

A

vestibular labrynth, cochlear labrynth

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15
Q

What does the bone labrynth contain?

A

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

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16
Q

How many semicircular canals are there and at what angle to they sit to each other?

A

3 (anterior, posterior, lateral)

90 degrees

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17
Q

Where is the vestibule and what does it contain?

A

between cochelea and semicircular canals

oval and round windows

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18
Q

What does the chochlea coil around?

A

2 1/2 coils around Modiolus

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19
Q

what is the Modiolus?

A

central bony core of internal ear

20
Q

What does the vestbular labrynth contain

A 
saccule and utricle (both have macula)
Semicircular ducts (crista ampulallaris)
21
Q

What does the cochlear labrynth contain

A

Cochlear duct (spiral organ of corti)

22
Q

How many types of vestibular sensory hair cell organs are there? and what do they have

A

2 Types
both have sterocilla
type 1 has 1 kinocilium which gives direction

23
Q

What is the macula responsible for?

Where is it?

A

Linear acceleration

within utricle and saccule of vestibule

24
Q

What is the function of the saccule

what is the function of the utricle

A

saccule=verticle acceleration

utricle= horizontal acceleration

25
Q

Hair cells of the vestibule are embeded in what? and what sides of cells?

A

Otolihic membrane

Apical surface of hair cells

26
Q

What is the otolithic membrane and what does it have?

A

Gelatinous sheet with crystals (otoconia or otoliths) lining the surface

27
Q

What are the sense organs of the semicircular ducts?

A

crista terminale

28
Q

What is the function of crista terminale?

A

detect angular/rotational acceleration within ampullae of semicircular ducts

29
Q

Where are hair cells of the semicircular ducts?

A

on the epithelial ridge embedded in cupula (gelatinous cap over sensory epithelium)

30
Q

What is vertigo caused by?

A

otoconia dislodged from otholitic membrane

- fall into ampulla-> stimulates cirsta ampullaris

31
Q

What are the 3 changers of the cochlear labrynth and what are they divided by?

A

Sacala vestibule, sacala tympani, scala media

Cochlear duct

32
Q

What seperates the sacal vestibule duct from the cochlear duct and what does the sacal vestibule contain?

A

vestibular membrane

perilymph

33
Q

What does the scala tympani contain and how does it communicate with the tympanic cavity?

A

perilymph

round window

34
Q

what is the function of the Basal membrane?

What does that attach to and what does it support?

A

seperates the scala tympani and the scala media

  • attaches to osseous spiral lamina
  • supports spiral organ of corti
35
Q

What section of the cochlear labrynth contains endolymph?

A

scala media

36
Q

What is the function of the spiral organ of corti?
What does it contain?
Where is it?

A

hearing
hair cells
scala media

37
Q

Where can the stria vascualris, spiral ligament, tectoral membrane be found?

A

Scala media

38
Q

What does the strai vascularis of the scarla media provide?

A

endolymph

39
Q

What does the spiral ligament of the scarla media do?

A
  • attaches cochlear duct to the outer wall of cochlea

- supports basilar membrane

40
Q

What does the tectoral membrane of the scarla media do? and what does it contain?

A

Overlies spiral organ of corti

has embedded hair cells

41
Q

Where can the spiral limbus be found and what does it do?

A

the tectoral membrane of the scarla media

- secretes and anchors tectoral membrane to wall of medial cochlea

42
Q

What are the sensory cells of the spiral organ of corti?

and what do they have?

A

hair cells
(inner and outer)
sterocillia embedded within tectoral membrane

43
Q

What are the supporting cells of the spiral organ of corti?

A 
Phalaneal cells
-(Inner and outer)
-supports hair cells
Pillar cells
-(inner and outer)
-forms tunnel of corti
44
Q

How is pitch detected? what end is high/low and why?

A

width of basal membrane
base=high pitch= thin
end=low pitch=thick

45
Q

What are the two types of nerves of the ear?

A

Vestibulocochlear N CN8

Bipolar neurons

46
Q

What are the two types of biolar neurons of the ear?
What do they each innervate?
and where are their ganglia?

A

Vestibular N. = balance
- ganglia in internal acoustic meatus

Cochlear N. = hearing
- spiral ganglia located in modiolus

MedCell Exam 5 (9 decks)

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