Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

surgery > urinary > Flashcards

urinary Flashcards

1
Q

failure of one or both ureters to terminate in the normal location

A

ectopic ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what breeds are predisposed to ectopic ureters

A

husky
lab/golden
westies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

young female lab that is incontinent and cant be house trained, also is showing urine scald and UTI

A

ectopic ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how accurate is excretory urography in diagnosing ectopic ureters

A

76%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ectopic ureter that enters into the neck, urethra, or vagina

A

extramural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ectopic ureter that enters normally but exits abnormally

A

intramural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F

extramural ectopic ureters are the most common in dogs

A

FALSE – intramural are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dilation of distal ureter that was a persistent membrane in embryonic development

A

ureterocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how to DX ureterocele

A

IV urography
COBRA HEAD SIGN
ultrasonography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a cobra head sign asscoiated with

A

ureterocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment of intravesicular ureterocele

A

ureterocelectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ectopic ureterocele treament

A

neoureterocystostomy with ureterocelectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1 cause of ureteral trauma

A

iatrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diagnose ureteral trauma

A

uroretroperitoneum

uroabdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clamp injury leads to ureteral trauma after how many minutes

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ureteroureterostomy

A

ureteral anastomosis
procedure of choice for proximal ureter
high incidence of complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neoureterocystostomy

A

ureteral reimplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Used when proximal ureteral length is insufficient to reach the bladder but long enough to cross midline

A

transureterourostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fixes the bladder in a more cranial position

A

psoas hitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most common indication for ureteral surgery

A

ureterolithiasis -most are radiopaque calcium oxalate so use radiographs to dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F

medical management is a good option for urolithiasis

A

false - most are calcium oxalate which are not dissolvable

sx if lithotripsy fails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

indications for permanent ureteral stenting

A

stone
tumor
stricture
blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common developmental abnormality of male genitalia

A

hypospadias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

incomplete formation of the penile urethra

A

hypospadias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

breed that commonly gets hypospadias

A

boston terriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

protrusion of urethral mucosa through orifice

A

urethra prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what breeds are urethral prolapse common in

A

young male brachycephalics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

young bulldog comes in bleeding from his prepuce and licking it, you notice a red purple mass

A

urethral prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F

plain radiographs are the best diagnostic tool for urethral trauma

A

false - need to do positive contrast urethrogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

common locations of urethral obstructions in cats

A

distal 1/3 of urethra

normally mucus plugs, crystals or stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

common urethral obstructions in dogs

A

ischial arch or caudal os penis

stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

creating a temporary opening into the urethra

A

prescrotal urethrotomy - indicated when calculi cannot be hydropropulsed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

forming a permanent opening of the urethra at a new site

A

urethrostomy

scrotal is preferred in dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

indications for a urethrostomy

A

permanent damage
recurrent urethral obstruction
obrtruction that cannot be retropulsed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T/F

prescrotal urethrostomy has a higher incidence of urine scald than scrotal urethrostomy

A

TRUE

also has more cavernous tissue and is ONLY indicated when a more distal approach is not possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

a salvage procedure to treat FLUTDS and calculi in male cats

A

perineal urethrostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

T/F

perineal urethrostomy in cats will prevent FLUTDS and will lower the incidence of bacterial cystitis

A

FALSE – does not prevent FLUTDS and will increase incidence of bacterial cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

in a perineal urethrostomy dissect to the level of …

A

bbu gland / pelvic urethra

39
Q

Creation of a urethrostomy on the ventral body wall cranial to the pubis

A

antepubic urethrostomy

40
Q

indications for antepubic urethrostomy

A

recurrent pelvic urethral obstruction
or
failed perineal urethrostomy that cannot be revised

41
Q

where is the incision approach for female dogs and all cats for antepubic urethrostomy

A

ventral midline

42
Q

where is the incision approach for male dogs for antepubic urethrostomy

A

parapreputial

43
Q

what ligament of the bladder should be avoided during surgery

A

lateral ligaments

44
Q

region between the urethra and ureteral opening

A

trigone

45
Q

ligament of the bladder that can be cut during cystotomy

A

ventral ligament

46
Q

what is the ventral ligament of the bladder called in a fetus

A

urachus

47
Q

embryonic conduit providing communication between the bladder and allantoic sac

A

urachus – atrophies at birth

48
Q

clinical signs of a persistent urachus

A 
patent urachal canal 
dribbling from umbilicus 
omphalitis 
ventral abdominal dermatitis 
UTI
49
Q

how to diagnose persistent urachus

A

place contract in the umbilicus

50
Q

when the persistent distal urachus remains open

A

urachal sinus

51
Q

when the secreting urachal epithelium persists

A

urachal cyst

52
Q

T/F

in any trauma, consider the bladder ruptured until you can rule it out

A

true

53
Q

T/F

palpable bladder rules out rupture

A

false

54
Q

T/F

normal urination rules out ruptured bladder

A

false

55
Q

T/F

urine retrieval by catheter rules out bladder rupture

A

false

56
Q

death in ___ hours by bladder rupture

A

47-90

57
Q

T/F

plain radiographs can diagnose ruptured bladder

A

false – they will only see abdominal fluid or absence of bladder – there will be decreased serosal detail

58
Q

how to diagnose ruptured bladder

A

positive contrast urethrocystogram

59
Q

in a bladder rupture, when you perform an abdominocentesis how will the urea, creatinine, and potassium in the fluid compare to the serum

A

urea = serum urea
crea > serum crea
fluid K > serum K

60
Q

needed for urinary diversion

A

tube cystotomy

61
Q

indications for cystopexy

A

tube cystotomy
perineal hernia
urinary incontinence associated with pelvic bladder

62
Q

most common location of cystic calculi

A

bladder

UTI in 76% of cases

63
Q

how to diagnose cystic calculi

A

plain radiographs
pneumocystography
double contrast cystography
u/s

64
Q

what stones are radiolucent

A

cystine and urate

65
Q

most common surgery of the bladder and urolith removal

A

cystotomy

66
Q

preferred approach for cystotomy

A

ventral – increased exposure of the bladder neck and acan visualize ureteral orificies

67
Q

most common bladder tumor of dogs

A

transitional cell carcinoma –

97% malignant

68
Q

what dog breed seems to get TCC most

A

scottish terriers – especially older females

69
Q

most common tumor in cats urinary tract

A

renal lymphoma

70
Q

most common bladder tumor of cats

A

bladder TCC

71
Q

where do bladder tumors typically form in dogs

A

the trigone

72
Q

where do bladder tumors typically form in cats

A

apex

73
Q

predisposing factors for transition cell carcinoma

A

obesity
insecticide exposure
herbicide
cyclophophamide

74
Q

MST with chemo treatments of TCC

A

4-6 months

75
Q

partial cystectomy of TCC tumor with borders >___cm

A

1 cm

76
Q

neprolithiasis surgery indicated if…

A

obstructed or infection associated with calculi

77
Q

nephrolithotomy approach

A

ventral midline celiotomy

mobilize kidney and make a saggital incison

78
Q

surgery for when the calculi is in the renal pelvis and dilated

A

pyelolithotomy

79
Q

progressive dilatation of the renal pelvis and atrophy of the renal parenchyma

A

hydronephrosis

80
Q

T/F

bilateral hydronephrosis can cause severe azotemia and death

A

true

81
Q

ascending infection predisposed by damaged parenchyma in the kidney

A

pyelonephritis

82
Q

giant kidney worm

A

dioctophyma renale

83
Q

most common benign neoplasia

A

renal adenoma

84
Q

most common renal neoplasia in dogs

A

renal cell carcinoma

85
Q

MST renal carcinoma in dogs

A

9 months

86
Q

T/F

surgery is indicated for cats with renal lymphoma

A

false

87
Q

congenital renal neoplasia in young dogs and cats

A

embryonic nephroblastoma

88
Q

embryonic nephroblastoma MST

A

6 months

89
Q

how accurate are abdominal rads for an abdominal mass? for a kidney mass?

A

81% abdominal

54% renal

90
Q

how accurate are ultrasounds for an abdominal mass? for a kidney mass?

A

100% abdominal mass

85% renal mass

91
Q

contraindications with renal biopsy

A

coagulopathies
hypertension
severe chronic hydronephrosis

92
Q

sample size for a renal biopsy

A

> 5-6 glomeruli

93
Q

preferred renal biopsy method

A

ultrasound guided

94
Q

MST with renal transplant

A

613 days

23% do not survive discharge

surgery (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions