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surgery > respiratory and thoracic sx > Flashcards

respiratory and thoracic sx Flashcards

1
Q

what defines the upper airway

A

nares to the larynx

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2
Q

anatomical disease of the nasal cavity

A

choanal atresia

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3
Q

what is the main infectious nasal cavity cause in dogs

A

aspergillosis

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4
Q

what is the main infectious nasal cavity cause in cats

A

cryptococcus

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5
Q

4 neoplasias common in the nasal cavity

A

adenocarcinoma
SCC
lymphoma
mast cell tumors

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6
Q

what category of nasal disease does nasopharyngeal stenosis fall into

A

inflammatory

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7
Q

differentials for nasal disease

A

dental disease

nasopharyngeal polyp

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8
Q

diagnostic imagine tool that is good for nasal disease

A

computed tomoography

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9
Q

T/F

rhinoscopy and nasopharangoscopy should be performed before imaging is done

A

FALSE - after imaging

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10
Q

T/F

bacterial cultures are unlikely to be helpful in diagnostics of nasal disease

A

true

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11
Q

most common indication for nasal surgery

A

neoplasia – SCC

nasal palnum resection

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12
Q

dorsal rhinotomy gives access to …

A

nasal cavity and sinuses

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13
Q

ventral rhinotomy gives access to..

A

ventral nasal cavity and choanae

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14
Q

Shortened and broadened skull

A

brachycephalic

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15
Q

local chondrodysplasia

A

results in early ankylosis of basioccipital and basisphenoid bones

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16
Q

2 brachycephalic cat breeds

A

persian and himalayan

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17
Q

most important primary disease component of brachycephalic airway syndrome

A

elongated soft palate

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18
Q

list 4 primary disease components of bracycephalic airway syndrome

A
  1. stenotic nares
  2. elongated soft palate
  3. everted laryngeal saccules/stage 1 laryngeal collapse
  4. hypoplastic trachea
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19
Q

secondary soft tissue changes that occur due to the higher negative pressures in upper airway obstructive disease

A

edema
hyperplasia
collapse

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20
Q

air passage through nasal cavities accounts for ___% airway resistance

A

76.5%

21
Q

epiglottis should overlap palate by ____mm at the midline

A

1-2mm

22
Q

the palate should extend to mid-ventral ___ of the tonsilar crypt laterally

A

1/3

23
Q

elongated soft palate mainly results in

A

inspiratory dyspnea

24
Q

what is stertor

A

inspiratory dyspnea at the nasal/pharyngeal area

25
Q

what is stridor

A

dyspnea at the laryngeal area

26
Q

what is stage one of laryngeal collapse

A

everted laryngeal saccules

27
Q

what happens in stage 2 of laryngeal collapse

A

collapse of cuneiform cartilage

28
Q

what happens in stage 3 of laryngeal collapse

A

collapse of corniculate cartilage rigidity

29
Q

laryngeal collapse is reported in what percentage of dogs evaluated for BAS

A

8-50%

30
Q

T/F

loss of cartilage rigidity may cause stertor in the end stages of laryngeal collapse

A

FALSE – stridor

31
Q

what is the treatment for hypoplastic tracheas

A

none

32
Q

which sex gets more hypoplastic tracheal

A

males

33
Q

age range common for hypoplastic tracheas

A

2-3 years

younger for english bulldogs

34
Q

a dog comes in with owner complaints that it is fatiguing easily and is snoring a lot more than normal also reversed sneezing

A

mild/moderate hypoplastic trachea

35
Q

2 year old bulldog comes in on emergency acute resp distress as well as cyanosis, and hyperthermia
there is severe upper airway swelling and NCPE

A

SEVERE hypoplastic trachea

36
Q

how can hypoplastic trachea be diagnoses

A

on thoracic rads there will be R heart enlargement, potential megesophagus, NCPE, hiatal hernia, and aspiration pneumonia

37
Q

order for upper airway exam

A

tonsils
soft palate
nasopharynx
aretynoid cartilages

38
Q

what is a staphylectomy

A

soft palate resection

39
Q

severe post operative complication in layngeal sx

A

aspiration pneumonia

40
Q

3 functions of the larynx

A

swallowing - rima glottis pulled forward
abduction - lowers air resistance on inhalation
voice production

41
Q

T/F

laryngeal neoplasias are common

A

false

42
Q

T/F

respiratory stertor is a clinical sign of laryngeal disease

A

FALSE - stridor

43
Q

the recurrent laryngeal nerve and caudal laryngeal nerve are branches of …

A

vagus nerve

44
Q

signalment of acquired laryngeal paralysis

A

large breed older dogs

45
Q

recommended treatment for laryngeal paralysis

A

unilateral arytenoid lateralization

46
Q

in laminar flow resistance to flow is inversely proportional to the radius to the fourth power

A

poiseuille’s law

47
Q

life long complication of unilateral arytenoid lateralization

A

aspiration pneumonia

48
Q

Devocalization

A

ventriculocordectomy

49
Q

laryngeal exams should be performed in all patients showing signs of ….

A

upper airway obstruction

surgery (18 decks)

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