gvd

Question 1

distention of the stomach with fluid food or gas

Answer 1

dilatation

medical problem

Question 2

enlargement of the stomach associated with rotation on its mesenteric axis

Answer 2

dilatation - volvulus

surgical problem

Question 3

T/F

delayed gastric emptying can cause GDV

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

T/F

fish and egg supplements have an increased risk to cause gdv

Answer 4

false

Question 5

if these two ingredients are in tthe first four it is an increased risk factor for gdv

Answer 5

fats and oils

Question 6

T/F

exercise after eating causes gdv

Answer 6

false

Question 7

1 GDV dog breed

Answer 7

great dane

also large deep chested breeds

Question 8

dogs undergoing this procedure have an increased risk of GDV

Answer 8

splenectomy

Question 9

period when blood flow to tissues is absent followed by the return of blood flow

Answer 9

reperfusion

Question 10

reperfusion injury

Answer 10

once perfusion is restored all of the anaerobic products, cellular waste, ROS, and toxins are released into circulations

Question 11

most common rotation of the stomach on displacement

Answer 11

clockwise

Question 12

how do you know it was a clockwise rotation when you enter the abdoment

Answer 12

omentum covering stomach

pylorus on left side

Question 13

pylorus has moved dorsally and the omentum is not covering the stomach

Answer 13

counter clockwise rotation

Question 14

signs of gdv

Answer 14

they are acute 
restless
hypersalivation
praying posture 
vomiting / non productive retching 
weak and collapse
distended painful abdoment and shock

Question 15

where should fluids be given in initial stabilization

Answer 15

in the cephalic or jugular – need aggrassive fluid therapy

crystalloids or hypertonic saline colloid to start

Question 16

lactate levels < ___ mean increased survival

Answer 16

< 6.0

Question 17

good landmark for orogastric intubation

Answer 17

xiphoid

Question 18

drug that can be used to scavenge free radicals

Answer 18

lidocaine

Question 19

gdv recurrence without gastropexy

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

gdv recurrence with gastropexy

Answer 20

4%

Question 21

T/F

gastropexy will prevent dilatation

Answer 21

false

Question 22

incisional gastropexy minimum of ___ cm incision in transversus abdominus

Answer 22

3 cm

Question 23

in circumcostal gastropexy – a seromuscular flap is placed around what

Answer 23

the 13th rib

Question 24

why is BP monitored post op

Answer 24

hypotension at any time is a risk factor for death

Question 25

monitor for arrhythmias for how long

Answer 25

24 hours

Question 26

anti emetic

Answer 26

maropitant / cerenia

Question 27

H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 27

rantidine

famotidine

Question 28

post op deaths following gdv occur when and why

Answer 28

in first 4 days
due to hypovolemic shock or endotoxic septic shock

gastric necrosis or cardiac arrythmias

Question 29

what percent will develop an arrhythmia

Answer 29

50% in 12-36 hours after onset of gdv

typically ventricular

Question 30

2 electrolyte disturbances

Answer 30

hypokalemia - potentiates the arrhythmias

hypochloremia - gastric sequestration

Question 31

when to treat the arrhythmias

Answer 31

V-tch with >180-190bpm

give lidocaine bolus 1-2mg/kg IV

Question 32

survival rate in uncomplicated cases

Answer 32

80-90%

Question 33

T/F

hypertension is a cvs effect of gdv

Answer 33

false

Question 34

where do you cut the stomach in a gastrotomy

Answer 34

the fundus

Question 35

T/F

dogs with massive hepatic adenocarcinoma have good px

Answer 35

true - about 4 years