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Anatomy 25 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the renal corpuscle?

A
  • Glomerulus

- Bowmans Capsule (glomerular capsule)

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2
Q

What makes up a Nephron?

A
  • Renal Corpuscle (glomerulus + bowman’s capsule)
  • proximal collecting duct (PCT)
  • loop of Henle
  • distal collecting duct (DCT)
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3
Q

what makes up the Uriniferous Tubule?

A
  • Nephron

- Collecting duct

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4
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney? (in anatomy, not physiology)

A

Uriniferous Tubule (nephron + collecting duct)

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5
Q

What are the functions of the Kidneys? (3)

A
  1. Excretion (removal of waste products)
  2. Homeostasis (Na+ and hydration, blood pressure, pH, regulate total body water)
  3. Endocrine function (Blood pressure & filtration enzyme regulation= RENIN)
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6
Q

True or False- the kidneys regulate body water and extra fluid volume?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

True or False- kidneys help with electrolyte balance, and all these electrolytes are regulated by the kidneys keeping or getting rid of them?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or False- kidneys sense oxygen levels in the blood. if oxygen levels fall, kidneys release Erythropoietin, which stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

the kidneys do not have the capacity to activate Vitamin D. True or false?

A

FALSE

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10
Q

What organs make up the urinary system? (6)

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
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11
Q

Out of those structures, which PRODUCE urine?

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

Difference btwn gallbladder and urinary bladder?

A

gallbladder- stores and concentrates bile

urinary bladder- can only store urine

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13
Q

What is the location of the kidneys?

A

T12 - L3

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14
Q

What is the one word that describes the location of the Kidneys?

A

Retroperitineum

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15
Q

Which kidney is slightly higher?

A

the left kidney is HIGHER (due to the liver being on the right)

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16
Q

What is the only structure keeping the kidneys in place?

A

Fat (outside of peritoneum and mesentery)

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17
Q

Medial indentation- vessels and nerves enter and exit here.

A

Hilus

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18
Q

beyond the hilus, what is the thin space. What is it called?

A

Renal Sinus (space with renal sinus removed)

19
Q

The renal sinus is what?

A

cavity within the kidney occupied by renal pelvis, calyces, blood vessels, nerves and fat

20
Q

urine is not found until we are in the what?

A

Minor Calyx (first calyx encountered)

21
Q

true or false- upstream from the calyx, filtrate is unable to be adjusted.

22
Q

The urethra, minor and major calyces, ureters, bladder has transitional epithelium. Why?

A

Because of the harsh environment create by urine

23
Q

What are the pelvis and calyces of the kidneys lined with?

A

transitional epithelium

  • 1 pelvis
  • 3 to 4 major calyces
  • 7 to 14 minor calyces
24
Q

What is in the outer zone of the kidney, and contains renal columns?

A

the renal cortex

25
what is another name for the Madulla
Renal Pyramids (Striated pyramid region who's apex projects into the minor calyces)
26
Every minor calyx gets a what?
a Medullar Pyramid
27
What is the lobe of the kidney?
renal pyramid + surrounding cortex
28
What can be found in the Lobe of the kidney?
renal pyramid + surrounding cortex
29
How many blood vessels to each kidney?
1 (Renal a.)
30
what gives rise to the Glomerulus?
the Afferent Arterioles
31
Where are afferent arterioles located?
in the cortex (where nephrons are located.
32
What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
Uriniferous Tubule (nephron + collecting duct)
33
what are the 4 structures of the Nephron?
1. renal corpuscle 2. pct 3. loop of henle 4. dct
34
what part of the nephron is located in the cortex?
the renal corpuscle and the convoluted tubules
35
what part of the nephron is found in the medulla?
the loop of Henle
36
How many types of Nephrons are there and what are their names?
1. Cortical Nephrons (short- 80% of nephrons) | 2. Juxtamedullar Nephrons (longer- 20% of nephrons)
37
why is tubular "reabsorption"?
because it left the body, and its returning to the internal environment
38
what are the 3 processes of urine formation?
1. filtration 2. secretion 3. reabsorption
39
what are the layers of the Bowman's capsule, and what are their epitheliums composed of?
- visceral (highly modified epithelium + podocytes) | - parietal (simple squamous epithelium)
40
this layer is highly modified and has podocytes surrounding the glomerulus.
Visceral layer
41
Podocytes are cells that leave what kind of slit on the glomerulus?
filtration slits
42
true or false- part of the filtration barrier is blood plasma filtering from glomerular of blood capillary to lumen of Bowmans capillary?
true
43
what are the 3 structures that make up the filtration barrier?
1. podocytes 2. basement membrane 3. fenestrated capillaries

Anatomy 25 (7 decks)

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