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Anatomy 25 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the renal corpuscle?

A
  • Glomerulus

- Bowmans Capsule (glomerular capsule)

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2
Q

What makes up a Nephron?

A
  • Renal Corpuscle (glomerulus + bowman’s capsule)
  • proximal collecting duct (PCT)
  • loop of Henle
  • distal collecting duct (DCT)
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3
Q

what makes up the Uriniferous Tubule?

A
  • Nephron

- Collecting duct

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4
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney? (in anatomy, not physiology)

A

Uriniferous Tubule (nephron + collecting duct)

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5
Q

What are the functions of the Kidneys? (3)

A
  1. Excretion (removal of waste products)
  2. Homeostasis (Na+ and hydration, blood pressure, pH, regulate total body water)
  3. Endocrine function (Blood pressure & filtration enzyme regulation= RENIN)
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6
Q

True or False- the kidneys regulate body water and extra fluid volume?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

True or False- kidneys help with electrolyte balance, and all these electrolytes are regulated by the kidneys keeping or getting rid of them?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or False- kidneys sense oxygen levels in the blood. if oxygen levels fall, kidneys release Erythropoietin, which stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

the kidneys do not have the capacity to activate Vitamin D. True or false?

A

FALSE

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10
Q

What organs make up the urinary system? (6)

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
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11
Q

Out of those structures, which PRODUCE urine?

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

Difference btwn gallbladder and urinary bladder?

A

gallbladder- stores and concentrates bile

urinary bladder- can only store urine

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13
Q

What is the location of the kidneys?

A

T12 - L3

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14
Q

What is the one word that describes the location of the Kidneys?

A

Retroperitineum

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15
Q

Which kidney is slightly higher?

A

the left kidney is HIGHER (due to the liver being on the right)

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16
Q

What is the only structure keeping the kidneys in place?

A

Fat (outside of peritoneum and mesentery)

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17
Q

Medial indentation- vessels and nerves enter and exit here.

A

Hilus

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18
Q

beyond the hilus, what is the thin space. What is it called?

A

Renal Sinus (space with renal sinus removed)

19
Q

The renal sinus is what?

A

cavity within the kidney occupied by renal pelvis, calyces, blood vessels, nerves and fat

20
Q

urine is not found until we are in the what?

A

Minor Calyx (first calyx encountered)

21
Q

true or false- upstream from the calyx, filtrate is unable to be adjusted.

22
Q

The urethra, minor and major calyces, ureters, bladder has transitional epithelium. Why?

A

Because of the harsh environment create by urine

23
Q

What are the pelvis and calyces of the kidneys lined with?

A

transitional epithelium

  • 1 pelvis
  • 3 to 4 major calyces
  • 7 to 14 minor calyces
24
Q

What is in the outer zone of the kidney, and contains renal columns?

A

the renal cortex

25
Q

what is another name for the Madulla

A

Renal Pyramids (Striated pyramid region who’s apex projects into the minor calyces)

26
Q

Every minor calyx gets a what?

A

a Medullar Pyramid

27
Q

What is the lobe of the kidney?

A

renal pyramid + surrounding cortex

28
Q

What can be found in the Lobe of the kidney?

A

renal pyramid + surrounding cortex

29
Q

How many blood vessels to each kidney?

A

1 (Renal a.)

30
Q

what gives rise to the Glomerulus?

A

the Afferent Arterioles

31
Q

Where are afferent arterioles located?

A

in the cortex (where nephrons are located.

32
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

A

Uriniferous Tubule (nephron + collecting duct)

33
Q

what are the 4 structures of the Nephron?

A
  1. renal corpuscle
  2. pct
  3. loop of henle
  4. dct
34
Q

what part of the nephron is located in the cortex?

A

the renal corpuscle and the convoluted tubules

35
Q

what part of the nephron is found in the medulla?

A

the loop of Henle

36
Q

How many types of Nephrons are there and what are their names?

A
  1. Cortical Nephrons (short- 80% of nephrons)

2. Juxtamedullar Nephrons (longer- 20% of nephrons)

37
Q

why is tubular “reabsorption”?

A

because it left the body, and its returning to the internal environment

38
Q

what are the 3 processes of urine formation?

A
  1. filtration
  2. secretion
  3. reabsorption
39
Q

what are the layers of the Bowman’s capsule, and what are their epitheliums composed of?

A
  • visceral (highly modified epithelium + podocytes)

- parietal (simple squamous epithelium)

40
Q

this layer is highly modified and has podocytes surrounding the glomerulus.

A

Visceral layer

41
Q

Podocytes are cells that leave what kind of slit on the glomerulus?

A

filtration slits

42
Q

true or false- part of the filtration barrier is blood plasma filtering from glomerular of blood capillary to lumen of Bowmans capillary?

43
Q

what are the 3 structures that make up the filtration barrier?

A
  1. podocytes
  2. basement membrane
  3. fenestrated capillaries

Anatomy 25 (7 decks)

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