Special Senses Flashcards by Brian Barnett

What are the 5 special senses we will be concentrating on?

1) smell
2) taste
3) hearing
4) equilibrium
5) Sight

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What are the two Touch receptors we’ve learned before? (just for shits n’ giggles)

1) Pacinian Corpuscle= deep pressure

2) Meissner’s Corpuscle= light touch/superficial pressure

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Smell- Olfactory epithelium is composed of what kind of cells?

specialized pseudostratified epithelium

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Where is the olfactory epithelium located?

the ROOF of the nasal cavity - contains sensory cells for olfaction

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What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity (4) ?

1) nasal
2) frontal
3) ethmoid
4) sphenoid

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What are the Taste Buds?

epithelial structures within the stratified epithelium lining of the dorsum of tongue.

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what nerve innervates the Pharynx and posterior tongue (2)?

A) IX - Glossopharyngeal (general sensation + taste)

B) X - Vagus (general sensation)

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What nerve innervates the anterior tongue (2)?

A) V - Trigeminal nerve (general sensation)

B) VII - Facial Nerve (taste)

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What are the two structures of the Lacrimal Apparatus?

1) Lacrimal Gland (superio-lateral to eye ball)

2) Nasolacrimal Duct (inferio-medial to eye ball)

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what is excreted from the lacrimal gland, and where does it collect?

lacrimal fluid (tears)

- Nasolacrimal Duct

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where does the Nasolacrimal Duct empty?

inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

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Where is the Conjunctiva located and what is it?

anterior Sclera (but not cornea)

- mucus membrane covering Sclera

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What is the Conjunctiva composed of

STRATIFIED squamous epithelium

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What is the conjunctival sac?

reflection of conjunctiva that extend onto in inside of the eyelids

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True of False - the Conjunctiva is punctured in the upper lateral region by ducts of the lacrimal gland for the excretion of lacrimal fluid (tears)?

True

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What are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles?

1) Superior Oblique- depresses, lat. rotates eye (CN IV - Trochlear)
2) Inferior Oblique- elevates, lat. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
3) Superior Rectus- elevates, med. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
4) Inferior Rectus- depresses, med. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
5) Medial Rectus- med. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
6) Lateral Rectus- lat. rotates eye (CN VI- Abducens)

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What are the 3 tunics of the eye?

1) Fibrous Tunic
- sclera
- cornea

2) Vascular Tunic
- choroid
- ciliary body (ciliary muscle and processes)
- iris

3) Neural Tunic
- retina
- pigment epithelium

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what attaches the lens of the eye to the ciliary muscles via the ciliary processes?

suspensory ligaments

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what is the function of the suspensory ligaments, and what innervates them?

Accommodation (focusing= flattening or thickening the lens)
CN III - Oculomotor

what is the purpose of the Iris and what nerve innervates it

to constrict and dilate pupil

- CN III - Oculomotor & ANS sympathetic nerves

What is the Retina composed of?

photoreceptors (= visual cells)

What are the two types of photo receptors, and what is their function?

1) Rods- dim light, high sensitivity

2) Cones- color sensitivity

what are the 3 layers of the retina?

1) Photoreceptor layer
2) Bipolar neuron layer
3) Ganglion neuron layer

What is another name for the “blind spot,” and what is it exactly?

Optic disc- exit of optic nerve + arteries and veins entering and leaving the eye

What is the Fovea Centralis, and what occurs there?

- Region of the posterior eye (dark spot) that is comprised of CONES, ONLY - Area of greatest visual activity

what surrounds the Fovea Centralis?

Maculae Lutea

what is the Maculae Lutea's function?

extension of Fovea Centralis- responsible for keen vision (comprised of mostly CONES)

What structure occurs where the aqueous humor collects and exits the eye?

Scleral Venus Sinus (Canal of Schlemm)

What part of the eye is the aqueous humor draining from to the Scleral Venous Sinus/Canal of Schlemm?

Aqueous humor drains from the ANTERIOR CHAMBER of the Anterior Segment and collects /travels out of the eye via the Scleral Venous Sinus

Where does aqueous humor end up once it exits the eye?

back in the blood stream

What are the three basic parts to the ear? (very basic)

1) external ear 2) middle ear 3) inner ear

what 2 structures make up the external ear?

1) Auricle= Pinna (directs sound waves into ear; elastic cartilage) 2) External Acoustic Meatus (hair and wax protect against foreign particles; wax from modified sweat gland)

what are the 5 (4 main, 1 special) components of the middle ear?

1) tympanic membrane (ear drum) 2) bony wall (oval + round windows) 3) eustachian tube (auditory tube) 4) mastoid air cells * 5) Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

what are the boundaries of the middle ear?

- Tympanic Membrane (separates external and middle ear) | - Boney Wall (separates middle ear from inner ear)

where and what does the Eustachian tube open to?

opens ANTERIORLY to NASOPHARYNX

what is the function of the Eustachian tube?

-equalizes pressure and atmospheric pressure across the tympanic membrane

what are the components of the ossicles?

1) Malleus- hammer 2) Incus- anvil 3) Stapes- stir-up

what is the function of the Ossicles?

transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

how many synovial joints do the Ossicles contain?

2 (malleus to incus, incus to stapes)

what part(s) of the ear contribute to hearing only? (generalized)

- external ear | - middle ear

what part(s) of the ear contribute hearing and equilibrium? (generalized)

inner ear

within the inner ear, what structures contribute to hearing and what structures contribute to equilibrium?

- cochlea= hearing | - vestibule & semicircular canal/ducts (bony and membranous labyrinth)= equilibrium

what are the two main structures of the inner ear?

1) Bony Labyrinth | 2) Membraneous Labyrinth

what fluid fills the bony labyrinth?

Perilymph

what fluid fills the membraneous labyrinth?

Endolymph

what fluid surrounds the membraneous labyrinth?

Perilymph

what are the three main structures of the Bony Labyrinth?

1) semicircular canal (anterior, posterior, lateral) 2) vestibule (utricle, saccule) 3) cochlea (scala vestibuli, scala tympani)