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Anatomy 25 > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 special senses we will be concentrating on?

A

1) smell
2) taste
3) hearing
4) equilibrium
5) Sight

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2
Q

What are the two Touch receptors we’ve learned before? (just for shits n’ giggles)

A

1) Pacinian Corpuscle= deep pressure

2) Meissner’s Corpuscle= light touch/superficial pressure

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3
Q

Smell- Olfactory epithelium is composed of what kind of cells?

A

specialized pseudostratified epithelium

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4
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium located?

A

the ROOF of the nasal cavity - contains sensory cells for olfaction

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5
Q

What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity (4) ?

A

1) nasal
2) frontal
3) ethmoid
4) sphenoid

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6
Q

What are the Taste Buds?

A

epithelial structures within the stratified epithelium lining of the dorsum of tongue.

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7
Q

what nerve innervates the Pharynx and posterior tongue (2)?

A

A) IX - Glossopharyngeal (general sensation + taste)

B) X - Vagus (general sensation)

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior tongue (2)?

A

A) V - Trigeminal nerve (general sensation)

B) VII - Facial Nerve (taste)

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9
Q

What are the two structures of the Lacrimal Apparatus?

A

1) Lacrimal Gland (superio-lateral to eye ball)

2) Nasolacrimal Duct (inferio-medial to eye ball)

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10
Q

what is excreted from the lacrimal gland, and where does it collect?

A
  • lacrimal fluid (tears)

- Nasolacrimal Duct

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11
Q

where does the Nasolacrimal Duct empty?

A

inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

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12
Q

Where is the Conjunctiva located and what is it?

A
  • anterior Sclera (but not cornea)

- mucus membrane covering Sclera

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13
Q

What is the Conjunctiva composed of

A

STRATIFIED squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What is the conjunctival sac?

A

reflection of conjunctiva that extend onto in inside of the eyelids

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15
Q

True of False - the Conjunctiva is punctured in the upper lateral region by ducts of the lacrimal gland for the excretion of lacrimal fluid (tears)?

A

True

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16
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles?

A

1) Superior Oblique- depresses, lat. rotates eye (CN IV - Trochlear)
2) Inferior Oblique- elevates, lat. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
3) Superior Rectus- elevates, med. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
4) Inferior Rectus- depresses, med. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
5) Medial Rectus- med. rotates eye (CN III- Occulomotor)
6) Lateral Rectus- lat. rotates eye (CN VI- Abducens)

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17
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the eye?

A

1) Fibrous Tunic
- sclera
- cornea

2) Vascular Tunic
- choroid
- ciliary body (ciliary muscle and processes)
- iris

3) Neural Tunic
- retina
- pigment epithelium

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18
Q

what attaches the lens of the eye to the ciliary muscles via the ciliary processes?

A

suspensory ligaments

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19
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligaments, and what innervates them?

A
  • Accommodation (focusing= flattening or thickening the lens)
  • CN III - Oculomotor
20
Q

what is the purpose of the Iris and what nerve innervates it

A
  • to constrict and dilate pupil

- CN III - Oculomotor & ANS sympathetic nerves

21
Q

What is the Retina composed of?

A

photoreceptors (= visual cells)

22
Q

What are the two types of photo receptors, and what is their function?

A

1) Rods- dim light, high sensitivity

2) Cones- color sensitivity

23
Q

what are the 3 layers of the retina?

A

1) Photoreceptor layer
2) Bipolar neuron layer
3) Ganglion neuron layer

24
Q

What is another name for the “blind spot,” and what is it exactly?

A

Optic disc- exit of optic nerve + arteries and veins entering and leaving the eye

25
Q

What is the Fovea Centralis, and what occurs there?

A
  • Region of the posterior eye (dark spot) that is comprised of CONES, ONLY
  • Area of greatest visual activity
26
Q

what surrounds the Fovea Centralis?

A

Maculae Lutea

27
Q

what is the Maculae Lutea’s function?

A

extension of Fovea Centralis- responsible for keen vision (comprised of mostly CONES)

28
Q

What structure occurs where the aqueous humor collects and exits the eye?

A

Scleral Venus Sinus (Canal of Schlemm)

29
Q

What part of the eye is the aqueous humor draining from to the Scleral Venous Sinus/Canal of Schlemm?

A

Aqueous humor drains from the ANTERIOR CHAMBER of the Anterior Segment and collects /travels out of the eye via the Scleral Venous Sinus

30
Q

Where does aqueous humor end up once it exits the eye?

A

back in the blood stream

31
Q

What are the three basic parts to the ear? (very basic)

A

1) external ear
2) middle ear
3) inner ear

32
Q

what 2 structures make up the external ear?

A

1) Auricle= Pinna (directs sound waves into ear; elastic cartilage)
2) External Acoustic Meatus (hair and wax protect against foreign particles; wax from modified sweat gland)

33
Q

what are the 5 (4 main, 1 special) components of the middle ear?

A

1) tympanic membrane (ear drum)
2) bony wall (oval + round windows)
3) eustachian tube (auditory tube)
4) mastoid air cells
* 5) Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

34
Q

what are the boundaries of the middle ear?

A
  • Tympanic Membrane (separates external and middle ear)

- Boney Wall (separates middle ear from inner ear)

35
Q

where and what does the Eustachian tube open to?

A

opens ANTERIORLY to NASOPHARYNX

36
Q

what is the function of the Eustachian tube?

A

-equalizes pressure and atmospheric pressure across the tympanic membrane

37
Q

what are the components of the ossicles?

A

1) Malleus- hammer
2) Incus- anvil
3) Stapes- stir-up

38
Q

what is the function of the Ossicles?

A

transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

39
Q

how many synovial joints do the Ossicles contain?

A

2 (malleus to incus, incus to stapes)

40
Q

what part(s) of the ear contribute to hearing only? (generalized)

A
  • external ear

- middle ear

41
Q

what part(s) of the ear contribute hearing and equilibrium? (generalized)

A

inner ear

42
Q

within the inner ear, what structures contribute to hearing and what structures contribute to equilibrium?

A
  • cochlea= hearing

- vestibule & semicircular canal/ducts (bony and membranous labyrinth)= equilibrium

43
Q

what are the two main structures of the inner ear?

A

1) Bony Labyrinth

2) Membraneous Labyrinth

44
Q

what fluid fills the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

45
Q

what fluid fills the membraneous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph

46
Q

what fluid surrounds the membraneous labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

47
Q

what are the three main structures of the Bony Labyrinth?

A

1) semicircular canal (anterior, posterior, lateral)
2) vestibule (utricle, saccule)
3) cochlea (scala vestibuli, scala tympani)

Anatomy 25 (7 decks)

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