Digestive System Flashcards
Major organs of the digestive system (7)
- salvary glands
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- rectum
Accessory organs
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- liver
lumen of the digestive tract is part of the outside world. true or false?
True
6 major activities of the digestive system
1- ingestion 2- mechanical digestion 3- chemical digestion 4- absorption 5- propulsion 6- defecation
general function of the digestive system
take the food we eat, break it down into small substances so we are able to absorb for energy
the space between your teeth, cheeks and lips is called the what?
the vestibule
where is the palatine tonsil located?
back of the oral cavity in the Oropharynx
where is the pharyngeal tonsil located?
back of the sup. nasopharynx cavity
what are the 3 frenulums?
1- sup. labial frenulum
2- inf. labial frenulum
3- lingual frenulum
what do the salivary glands empty into?
Duct of submandibular gland
where do the ducts of the submandibular glands empty?
inferiolateral to the tongue
the hardest substance in the body (harder than bone)?
Enamel (cells making enamel- enamoblasts- fall off as soon as enamel is made)
what are the layers of the teeth (from outer to inner)?
- enamel
- dentin
- pulp cavity
what are the regions of the teeth (from top to bottom- simple explanation)
- Crown- enamel- visible portion of tooth
- Neck- dentin- portion covered by Gingiva (gum)
- Root- Cememtum- covered by peridontal ligament
what is the problem with dentin?
bacteria can get into Dentinal Tubules and infect tooth
this tooth tissue tries to take the place of enamel…
Cementum
the part of the tooth we see is called what?
the crown
the root is embedded in the bone of the jaw and the region in between the root and the crown is the what?
the neck
where is the most vulnerable portion of the tooth?
the neck- no enamel or cementum and dentinal tubules expose pulp cavity
how many teeth do we have?
32 (2, 1, 2, 3- 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars on each side, top and bottom)
describe the lingual epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium that is slightly karitinized
what are the 3 papilla of the tongue and what is the function of papilla?
- circumvallate (majority at dorsum of tongue- highly concentrated here)
- filiform papillae (rough texture of tongue)
- fungiform papillae
carry taste buds on their upper surface
what nerves contribute to sensation in the tongue?
- trigeminal (mandibular branch) (ant. 2/3)
2. glossopharyngeal (post. 1/3)
what nerves contribute to taste in the tongue?
- facial (ant. 2/3)
2. glossopharyngeal (post 1/3)
what is the main artery supplying the tongue?
Lingual artery
what chemical triggers umami receptors?
Glutamate (msg, mushrooms, meat collagen, soy)
how many pairs of Salivary glands do we have? and where are they?
- Parotid gland (lat. to masseter, duct penetrates cheek by upper second molar)
- submandibular (inf. to mandible, have ducts inferiolateral to tongue)
- sublingual (inf. to tongue, ducts all along inferior tongue)
This wraps around the mylohyoid and ducts travel toward lingual frenulum?
submandibular gland
what is a bolus?
the amount of food you swallow
we have skeletal muscles in the pharynx. True or false?
True
once we get below the cricoid cartilage, we enter the esophagus. True or false?
True
what are the 4 layers of the digestive system wall
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Adventitia/Serosa
what are the three layers of the mucosa?
- Epithelium
- Lamina Propria
- Muscularis mucosa
what is found in the submucosa and what is it made of (2 things)? (basic plan)
- gland
- nerve plexus
- made of loose CT
what are the characteristics of the mucosa layer (GI Tract)?
- 3 layers (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)
- comes in contact with chyme
- lymphocytes found in lamina propria (blood vessels)
- absorptive
- Mucus layer so it contains goblet cells
- Villus/microvilli move the chyme around for absorption
Crypts are projections into the lamina propria in what parts of the GI tract?
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
Structures found in the stomach that resemble crypts are called What?
-Gastric Pits -or- Glands
What are the characteristics of the muscularis layer?
- circular smooth muscle
- longitudinal smooth muscle
- nerve plexus (Myenteric plexus)
Characteristics of the Serousa
Serosa
- coating of Loose CT
- may have simple squamous epithelium (Serous Membrane- Visceral Peritonium)
- secrete serous fluid that provides lubrication to reduce friction.
Difference btwn adventitia and serous?
Adventitia w/ serous membrane = Serosa
