URINARY Flashcards
What transports urine out of the body?
Urethra
What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Ureter
The kidney lies in the __________ space In the superior lumbar region
retroperitoneal
The _______ kidney is lower than the _________
Right kidney is lower than the left
The kidney has a _______ lateral surface and a ______ medial surface
convex
concave
The renal hilum leads to the ________ _______
renal sinus
The kidney is surrounded by a ______ capsule
fibrous
The_______ _______ is the light coloured superficial region if the kidney- it surrounds the kidney
renal cortex
The renal medulla forms cone shaped darker renal medullary pyramids separated by _________ _________
Renal columns
The tip of the pyramid is called the ______ and it releases ursine into the ________
Papilla
minor calyx
The major calyx collects urine from the _________ and emptied urine into the _______ _______
minor calyxs
renal pelvis
The renal pelvis is the funnel shaped tube within the _____ ______
Renal sinus
Renal nerve supply is predominantly via sympathetic fibres from the _______ ________
renal plexus
Blood supply into the kidney follows this path:
Aorta > renal artery > _______ artery > _______ artery > arcuate artery > ________ ________ artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > efferent arteriole
segmental
interloblar
cortical radiate
Glomerulus: a tuft of _________
Capillaries
The ________ _______ begins as a cup showed glomerular (bowmans) capsule surrounding the glomerulus
Renal tubule
The renal tubule starts at the _______ ________
Renal corpuscle
2.The ______ layer allows filtrate to pass into the capsular space
visceral
3.The _________ _________ tubule (PCT) functions in reabsorption and secretion and is confined to the cortex
proximal convoluted
The _________ has descending and ascending limbs and is freely permeable tow after
loop of henle
The _______ segment of the ascending limb is permeable to _____ and ________ to water
Thick
NaCl
impermeable
The _______ _______ tubule (DCT) functions more in secretion than absorption
distal convoluted
What recieves filtrate from many nephrons and runs through the medulla
Collecting ducts
The collecting ducts fuse together to deliver urine through ______ into minor calyces > ________ ______ > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder > urethra
papillae
major calyces
What type of cells function in maintaining the acid base balance of the body: secrete Hydrogen and reabsorption of HCO3-
Intercalated cuboidal
_______ cells help maintain the body’s water and salt balance
Principal
What type of nephrons are important in the production of concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary nephrons
________ nephrons: %85 of nephrons; almost entirely in the cortex
Cortical
The cortical nephron has a _____ loop of henle further from the corticomedullary junction
short
The blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because
- Afferent arterioles are larger in ______ than efferent arterioles
- Arterioles are high _______ vessels
diameter
resistance
______ arteriole > glomerulus > ___ arteriole
Afferent
Efferent
___________ _________ (JGA) is important in the regulation of filtrate formation and blood pressure - there us one per nephron
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
__________ prevents the flirtation of blood cells
Fenestrations
_______ charged basement membrane repels large anions such ad plasma proteins
Negatively
Glomerular _______ cells engulf and degrade macromolecules and can contract to change the total surface area available for filtration
Mesangial
The kidneys filter the body’s entire plasma volume __ times each day
60
________ is blood plasma minus proteins and cells
Filtrate
The mechanisms of urine formation are:
- glomerular filtration
- Tubular __________
- Tubular _________
reabsorption
Secretion
Glomerular filtration is a passive mechanical process driven by ___________ pressure
Hydrostatic
Pressure of fluid against a wall due to gravity
Glomerular blood pressure is ______ than other capillaries
higher
_________ _________ pressure is responsible for filtrate formation and is determined by glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) and two force that oppose HPg:
- _______ _______ pressure of glomerular blood (OPg) and
- ___________ pressure (HPc)
Net filtration pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure
capsular hydrostatic
NFP = _____ - (OPg + _____)
HPg
HPc
The glomerular filtration rate is?
Volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (110-125ml/min)
The glomerular filtration rate is governed by the _______
Net filtration pressure (renal blood flow), the membrane permeability and the total surface area
