METABOLISM 1 Flashcards
In metabolism there are _____ types of reactions. A_________ and C_________
Two
Anabolism
Catabolism
What term is used to describe:
encompasses all chemical reactions by which the body obtains and spends all energy from macronutrients
Metabolism
_________describes the building part of metabolism
Anabolism
____ describes the breaking part of metabolism
Catabolism
_____ Is The synthesis of stage molecules from small molecules - eg;
Amino acids > proteins, glucose > glycogen
Anabolism
_______is complex structures to simpler ones
Catabolism
Proteins > amino acids, glycogen > glucose is an example of c__________
Catabolism
Enzymes shifting high energy phosphate groups of ATP to other molecules is called p____________
Phosphorylation
__________ molecules are activated/inactivated to cause effect within a cell (cellular function)
Phosphorylated
The 3 main stages involved in processing energy containing nutrients in the body:
Digestion in gastrointestinal tract.
Anabolism or catabolism in tissue cells.
Catabolic work in mitochondria requires oxygen > carbon dioxide, water and large amounts of ATP.
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox reactions) are the transfer of
Electrons from one compound to another
Generally,_____ can occur by gaining oxygen or loss of hydrogen atoms
oxidation
The enzyme D_______ is responsible for the removal of hydrogen atoms
Dehydrogenases
The enzyme o______ is responsible for the transfer of oxygen
Oxidises
Co-enzymes act as ______ acceptors
Hydrogen
ATP synthesis involves two mechanisms:
- Substrate-Level Phosphorylation (ADP + P = ATP) - can occur in cytosine (glycolysis) or in mitochondria (krebs cycle)
- _______ phosphorylation
Oxidative
Complete glucose catabolism requires three pathways:
GKE
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
During cellular respiration, ATP is formed in the ______ and in the mitochondria
cytosol
Cellulose enters cells by _____ transporter proteins by ______ diffusion
GLUT, facilitated
Glycolysis (glycolytic pathway) is anaerobic or aerobic?
Anaerobic; occurs despite the presence or absence of oxygen
Glycolysis is a 10 step pathway that occurs in the ______
Cytosol
The final products of glycolysis include
- 2 pyruvic acid
- 2 NADH + H
and a net gain of____ ATP
2
For glycolysis to happen again NADH must donate its accepted_______ atoms to become ______ again
hydrogen, NAD+
The donation of hydrogen occurs in mitochondria if oxygen is present
_______ generates ATP faster than aerobic respiration but the ATP yield is far less
Glycolysis
