DIGESTIVE 2 Flashcards
The large intestine absorbs _____ from remaining indigestible food residues - turns fluid chyme into more solid faeces
water
The _________ _______ frames the small intestine and extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus
large intestine
The ______ is the first part of the large intestine
Cecum
The ascending colon makes a right angle turn near the liver called the _________ ________ ________
Right hepatic flexure
The transverse colon makes a sharp turn inferiorly- anterior to the spleen called the _______ _______ flexture
Left splenic
This sigmoid colon joins the rectum in the ________
Pelvis
The ________ is the last part of the large intestine
anal canal
Is the internal anal sphincter involuntary smooth muscle or voluntary smooth muscle
Involuntary
Think: internal= involuntary
Abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, ascending colon, descending colon, distal duodenum and pancreas (head & body) are all examples of ___________ organs
Retro-peritoneal
The cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, proximal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, spleen, pancreas are all examples of _________ organs
intraperiotneal
What is the blood supply to the digestive system
Oxygenated blood from the heart via the abdominal aorta
The common hepatic artery, splenic artery and left gastric artery are all branches of the _____ trunk ( a large branch of the abdominal aorta)
celiac
The ______ ______ artery supplies the stomach and inferior oesophagus with blood
Left gastric
The ______ artery passes deep to the stomach, branches to pan crease and terminates in spleen
splenic
The common hepatic artery supplies the _______ and the ________ and stomach via the right gastric artery from the common hepatic artery
Duodenum and pancreas
The hepatic artery proper serves the _______ with blood supply
Liver
The superior _______ artery supplies the cecum, appendix, seconding colon, part of the transverse colon
Messenteric
The ________ Messenteric artery supplies the distal part of huge large intestine
Inferior
The hepatic portal system transports blood from _______ organs to the liver
GI
What drains the small intestine
Superior mesenteric vein
What drains the distal large intestine and joins the splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
The ______ vein drains the spleen, parts of the stomachs and joins to the superior mesenteric vein
Splenic
_______ ______ vein: nutrient rich blood from GI organs may contain a robed toxins and pathogens - blood is sent to the liver for treatment prior to delivery to the. Rest of their body
Hepatic portal
________ process nutrients and toxins whilst ________ phagocytose bacteria
Hepatocytes
Macrophages
Pepsinogen comes from the _____ cells
chief
HCl is realeased from the _____ cells
parietal
Pepsin beings the digestion of what?
Proteins
Mechanical break down and propulsion Is the churning as ________ waves mix food with gastric juice and propel it into the ________
peristaltic
Duodenum
Gastric acid secretion under neural and hormonal control:
Neural: v______ stimulates gland secretion, s_________ nerves reduce secretion
Vagus
Sympathetic
Hormonal gastric acid secretin under hormonal control:
G________ released from stomach mucosa in the presence if food stimulates HCl secretion
Gastrin
The three phases of gastric acid secretion stimulated by the head, stomach and small intestine is the c________, g_______ and i_________ phases
celephalic
gastric
Intestinal
Cephalic phase: s________ neural input : triggered by aroma, taste, sight and the thought of food
sensory
G_______ phase - lasts 3-4hrs: 2/3 gastric juice is released. Stimulated by distension, peptides, low acidity, g_______
Gastric
Gastrin
The ________ phase is a stimulatory component when partially digested food enters the small intestine
intestinal
The e___________ reflex protects duodenum from stomach acid
Enterogastric
The enterogastric reflex closes the pyloric ________
sphincter
Stomach contractions convert bolus to ______
Chyme
P_______ is peristaltic waves moving from the fundus towards the pyloric
Propulsion
G_______ is the most vigorous personals is and mixing action occur close to the pylorus
Grinding
R__________: the pyloric end of the stomach acts as a pump that delivers small amounts of chyme into the duodenum
Retropulsion
More stretch = _______ gastrin, ______ gastric acid and more powerful contractions
More
More
True or false:
The pancreas is not directly involved in digestion
True
Most digestion and absorption occurs in the ____________, substances required for this are imported from the _______ and the _______
Small intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Bile salts returning from intestine to the liver (via the _________ vein) stimulates more bile secretion
Hepatic portal vein
A POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
If no digestion is occurring, bile is not released into the duodenum via the m_______, but backs up the bile duct into cystic duct then ________ for storage
Major duodenal papilla
gall bladder
CCK from the intestine stimulates ________ contraction = _______ release
Gallbladder
bile
______ is released when acidic, fatty, protein rich chyme enters the duodenum
CCK
Cholecystokinin
Mucosa _______ digested food compounds
Absorbs
________ (smooth muscle washing machine) moves chyme towards ileocecal valve
Segmentation
T_____ from pancreas split proteins
Typsin
The ______ major absorptive role is to recycle bile salts to the liver
ileums
