Urinary Flashcards
Urinary elimination
the process of removing waste products, specifically urine, from the body. It involves the functioning of various organs, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Nephrons ( function/hm filters/)
are the functional unit of the kidney,
filters approx 1200ml of blood/minute,
filter blood plasma & reabsorb necessary substances then deposits urine in pelvis of the kidney, urine then passes through the ureter to the bladder where stored,
urine moves from
kidney ureter bladder urethra urinary meatus.
olguria ( less than)
pee less than 30 ML
anguria
absence of pee
A patient is experiencing oliguria. Which action should the nurse perform first?
a. Increase the patient’s intravenous fluid rate.
b. Encourage the patient to drink caffeinated beverages.
c. Assess for bladder distention.
d. Request an order for diuretics.
ANS: C
The nurse first should gather all assessment data to determine the potential cause of oliguria. It could be that the patient does not
have adequate intake, or it could be that the bladder sphincter is not functioning and the patient is retaining water. Increasing fluids
is effective if the patient does not have adequate intake, or if dehydration occurs. Caffeine can work as a diuretic but is not helpful if
an underlying pathology is present. An order for diuretics can be obtained if the patient was retaining water, but this should not be
hematuria
blood in urine
polyuria
alot of urine
Orange urine indicates
medication
Normal and Abnormal Assessment (7)
Color, Consistency, Constituents, Amount, Odor, pH, and Specific gravity
Subjective data -
Frequency, Methods used, Urinary problems, Related problems, Coping methods, Medications, Bladder tone
Common tests (1)
Specific gravity
Chemical reagent strips - (you might find) 6
Glucose, Ketones, Proteins, Blood, Bilirubin, urobilinogen
Collection of urine for testing (2)
Routine U/A and Sterile samples
Sterile Sample is used for ( 3 )
Clean catch/ C&S/ UTI
Midstream Sample and Why?
start urinating and catch it midstream.
Ensure any thing extra doesn’t get in pee.
High Concentration Specific Gravity indicates
Dehydrated/ greater than 1.025/ may be diabtes mellitus
Low Concentration Specific Gravity indicates (3)
over hydration/ diabetes insipidus/kidney disease
Bilirubin + Urobilinogen indicates _______ disease
liver disease
Proteins ( 2)
Kidney disease or diabetes
Ketones
Breakdown of fatty acids (diabetes )
Glucose indicates
High blood sugar
24-hour urine collection -
Process and importance of saving all urine
Urinary Incontinence explain and type (5):
Symptom not a disease. Involuntary loss of urine in sufficient amounts or frequency to be a social or health problem
- urge
- stress
- reflex
4.functional
5.total
Urge Incontinece
sensation of urgency
Describe stress incontinence
- Increased abdominal pressure secondary to coughing or straining
What are the changes that occur that cause stress incontinence? ( 3)
- Weakness of pelvic floor musculature
- Thinning and atrophy of perineal and vaginal tissues
- Descensus of pelvic organs into vaginal canal (childbirth)
Nursing Intervention for stress incontinence ( 4)
- HT kegels
- Fluid intake
- Time
- Hygiene/briefs/skin care
Kegels workout
helps with with stress incontinece. Basically YOU work with perennial muscles when to pee and when to stop.
diuresis ( remember what this unit is about…..)
increased or excessive production of urine.
….
……
Dysuria
painful urination
Urinary incontinence
refers to involuntary loss of urine.
meatus
is the opening of the urethra. It is the point where urine exits the urethra in both sexes and where semen exits the urethra in males.
micturition
to urinate
oliguria ( hm ml)
urinary output of less than 400 ml/day. results in renal failure if it is not reversed .
pyuria
pus in urine. may be caused by lesions or infection in the uninary tract .
proteinuria
the presence of protein in urine . may be sign of infection or kidney disease
stricture
a narrowing o constriction of lumen of a tube, duct, hollow organ such as esophagus, ureter or urethra.
staisis
stoppage of normal flow of fluids , as of urine
Urinary retention give examples of how ( 6)
occurs when normal amounts of urine are not fully excreted due to :
medications
enlarged prostate
vaginal prolapse
tumors
bladder nerve damage
kidney stones
Developmentally urine
voluntary control of the bladder typically occurs between the ages of two and five before toilet training can begin.
Aging can affect urinary function, leading to nocturia, decreased muscle tone, decreased bladder contractility, and increased likelihood of urinary tract infections.
In older adults, neuromuscular problems, joint issues, altered thought processes, weakness, and medication use can all interfere with voluntary control and bladder function.
A diuretic
may be prescribed to remove fluid from a patient, which is commonly referred to as a water pill. This medication can cause frequent urination, especially if taken later in the day or evening.
Women, older adults, and diabetic patients are at higher risk for UTIs.
T or F
True
To diagnose a urinary tract infection:
*Treatment for urinary tract
*Preventative measures for UTIs include
the first step is to obtain a urinalysis and culture for sensitivity.
infections involves short-course antibiotics.
Drinking water before and after sexual intercourse, wearing cotton underwear, and consuming cranberry or blueberry juice can also help prevent UTIs. wiping front ot back.
FUNCTional incontinence:
Urine loss due to inability to reach the toilet, often caused by mobility issues or environmental barriers
ex) dementia confusion, disorientation, or mobility problems
Unconscious Reflex incontinence:
Bladder empties without sensation of needing to void.
CNS disorders and multisystem problem are common causes. tissue damage from radiation, cystitis, bladder inflammation or radical pelvic surgery can trigger
Total incontinence:
Continuous and unpredictable urine loss, often caused by surgery or trauma.
output should be
at least 30 ml an hour
enuresis
involuntary loss passage of urine normal in children
nocturnal enuresis
Involuntary loss of urine while sleeping.
nighttime bed wetting/insufficient level ADH pressure on the bladder /urinary infection and emotional stress.
MICTURITON
to start the stream of urine/ urinate; to release urine from the bladder
Neuropathy
a broad term meaning disease of the kidney
Nephrotoxic
a subsatnce that damages kidney issues
Nocturia
frequent urination after going to bed
if the patients urine output is low
may indicate dehydration from sweating excessively or due to vomiting and diarrhea
if the patients intake is high and output is low
their kidneys are producing urine but that they have urinary retention because obstructing flow
Normal intake & output
50 to 60 ML per hour
1500 mL per day
anuria
absence of urine associated with kidney failure or congestive heart failure less than 100 ml
stress types (8)
obesity
chronic constipation
straining at stool
exercise
laughing
sneezing
coughing
lifting
