Rest Flashcards
REST
Rest is tranquility, calmness, freedom from anxiety,
repose, relaxation without stress, feeling of well being,
decreased state of activity.
Rest is a condition in which the body is inactive
Sleep is an
is an active, complex, rhythmic state involving a progression of repeated
cycles, each representing different phases of body and brain activity
WHY DO WE NEED SLEEP? (5 )
- Essential to well-being – brain, growth/stress hormones,
appetite, weight control, strengthens immune system - Regulator of energy metabolism – restoration and repair during
sleep, - Improve learning and adaptation – review of facts/situations
during sleep - Reduce stress and anxiety – improve ability to cope
- Sleep/rest and illness interrelated – reduction of sleep
compromises immune system, restore energy to repair tissue.
Often have difficulty sleeping due to illness.
Sleep wake cycle influenced by:
* External forces
- Internal forces
Light, Dark, Activity, Habits, Work, Environment
Growth and development, health, drugs, caffeine, diet, stress,
fear, losses
Circadian rhythms
Biological rhythms that run a full cycle in 24 hr period.
Biologic clock- an internal system that regulate behavior in a rhythmic manner, affects overall level of functioning
Ex: body temp, B/P, eating, sleeping
Vary among individual (night owls vs early birds)
Stages (types) of sleep : stage 1
Stage 1: EASILY WOKEN “I WASNT SLEEPING”. very light sleep/realized, slowed eye movement.
Stage 2
light sleep/easily awakened/bodily processes slow/heart rate and BP goes down / Temp decrease
Stage 3: ( state importance)
Deep sleep, further slowing of TPR and BP but remain regular, more difficult to awaken (may be confused if awaken).
-Skeletal muscles relaxed.
-Reflexes are diminished.
-Snoring.
-This stage is thought to physically restore the body (healing & tissue renewal) and releases important growth hormones.
No stage 3 for ______ in their 70’s.
males
REM
Also referred to as:
after stage 3.
starts 90 minutes after sleep, recurs every 90 minutes and averages 20 minutes
Muscles are relaxed, rapid eye movement.
Also referred to as Paradoxical sleep there is increased brain activity and sleep occurring at the same time.
youre sleeping atp
REM sleep stimulates
the brain regions used in learning, thinking, and organizing information, and adult sleep cycles are typically 70-90 minutes in length.
If i wake up in the night I will immediately back to the stage I was just in.
T or F
F. You start over
Neonates: up to age 3 months appx.
Infants:
Toddlers & Preschoolers:
Middle & late childhood (5-12yrs): varies; appx.
Adolescents (12-18yrs) appx.
young adults/middle aged
older
16hrs
appx. 15hrs (prolong REM periods)
appx. 12hrs (trouble falling asleep, night terrors, difficulty “winding down”)
10-11hrs (difficulty falling asleep thinking about next day, stress, social concerns)
8- 9 hrs
7/8 hrs
7/9 hrsqw
Factors affecting the composition of sleep ( 10 factors)
- Age = Younger more sleep is needed
- Environment= Promote or hinder sleep~ noisy, quiet, light, dark
- Fatigue = moderately fatigue leads to restful sleep.
- Lifestyle =ability to relax before sleep can impact a person’s sleep ~new job, emotional problems, financial problems
- Emotional Stress
-Anxiety and depression > experience less stage III NREM and REM sleep
6.Alcohol and Stimulants
-Alcohol disrupts REM sleep
-Caffeine acts as a stimulant
7.Diet
-L-tryptophon found in milk and cheese may induce sleep, carbohydrates promote relaxation
Factors affecting the composition of sleep (con’t)
8.Smoking
Stimulant effect on the body
Smokers have more difficult falling asleep
Smokers are easily awakened (light sleeper)
Sleep improves if no smoking after dinner
9.Motivation
A person can be motivated to stay awake
10.Illness
Pain, respiratory conditions, hot flashes, anxiety, depression
Medications
Medications affect quality of sleep ( 3)
Lasix ( diuretic) -
Beta – blockers = cause insomnia and nightmares
Bronchodilators- CNS stimulation/avelioi
Clinical conditions and relation to :During REM (3)
increase stimulation (HR) more heart attacks
increase gastric secretions gastric pain
I
rregular respirations cause apnea or bronchospasm
Clinical condtions and relation to:
Stage III (3)
-Decrease in stage III NREM associated with depression d/t irregular sleep pattern
-With tissue damage or catabolism: increase need for sleep, repair
-Sleep deprivation: behavior changes memory lapse, apathy, irritability, lowers pain threshold
SLEEP DISORDERS
Insomnia:
Hypersomnia:
Narcolepsy:
Sleep Apnea:
Parasomnias:
Bruxism
Enuresis
inability to obtain adequate amt of quality sleep; difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep
excessive sleep especially in daytime
brain’s inability to regulate sleep-wake cycle normally, sudden uncontrollable urge to sleep lasting from seconds to minutes, sleeps well at night
periodic cessation of breathing during sleep; last from 10 sec to 2 mins, occurs several times/night
behaviors that occur during sleep (sleep walking, talking, nightmares, Bruxism(teeth grinding), Enuresis ( bed-wetting)
(teeth grinding),
( bed-wetting)
List two types of Parasomnias
Bruxism
Enuresis
Assessment of sleep needs
(4)
Number of hours needed
Usual bedtime
Usual bedtime routine
Number of pillows
Nursing interventions
Regular bedtime and wake up time
Daily exercise (not before bed, at least 2 hrs prior)
Establish bedtime routine
Use bed for sleep and sex only
No fluids 2-4 hours before HS
No ETOH or caffeine 4 hrs before HS
Pain meds 30 minutes before HS
Proper positioning for breathing
Proper temperature, lighting, noise, ventilation
shorten REM indicates what from a patient
Excessive sleepiness
a patient experiences anxiety where the difficultly sleeping going to be at :
ONSET
Biorhythms
are “biological clocks” that are controlled within the body and synchronized with environmental factors (e.g., gravity, electromagnetic forces, light, and darkness). Biorhythms influence many physical and mental functions.
nocturia
getting up at night to urinate
loss of muscle tone occcurs in:
REM
______ accounts for 20% to 25% of sleep
REM
Cataplexy
a sudden loss of muscle tone usually triggered by an emotional event (e.g., laughter, surprise, or anger)
Which sleep disorder involves a person suddenly waking up thrashing about and hallucinating?
night terrors
Which part of the brain controls circadian rhythm?
Hypothalamus
