Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nur 111 > Unit 3 - Pain > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Pain –

A

an unpleasant sensory and emotional. experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cutaneous (superficial) –

Deep somatic (5) –

Visceral (3)–

A

involves skin or
subcutaneous tissue, ex. paper cut, touching a hot
object

pain originates in ligaments,
tendons, bones, blood vessels and nerves, ex. sprain,
fx, arthritis, bone cancer/fracture

Pain originates from internal organs:
thorax, cranium and abdomen, ex. Organ ca,
ischemia, menstrual cramps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychogenic –

A

the physical cause
for pain can’t be identified. WE CANT SEE. EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute –

Chronic –

Intractable –

A

sudden or slow in onset, varies
from mild to severe, may last up to six
months, subsides as healing takes
place, protective, represents potential or
present tissue damage

last 6 months or longer,
limits everyday functioning

highly resistant to
relief, such as in advanced
malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Migrane is an example of what origin of pain?

A

viseral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is (Believe your client)

T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radiating (define & examples)

A

felt at the source of pain and extends to nearby tissues,

ex., cardiac pain – chest, left
shoulder and down the arm, even
the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Referred –

A

felt in a part of the. body distant from the tissue
causing the pain.

 ex. Kidney pain may be felt along
the thigh, in women a heart attack
may be felt as abdominal/epigastric
d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etiology of pain examples ( 3)

A

a. burning pain,
b. post herpetic neuralgia (shingles)
c. phantom pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neuropathic Pain ( d/t what ???)

A

complex and chronic pain, arising from injury to
peripheral or central nervous system d/t ILLNESSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peripheral Pain Syndromes ( 3)

A

Causalgia

Post herpetic neuralgia

Phantom limb pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causalgia-

Post herpetic neuralgia-

Phantom limb pain-

A

persistent, severe, burning sensation of skin (redness, inflamMATION ) eczema

nerve damage from virus causing shingles

post surgical or traumatic amputation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diabetes neuropathy is an example of:

A

Peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central Pain Syndromes ( two names)

A

Thalamic syndrome
Trigeminal Neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

THALAMIC syndrome- (what kind of pts)

TRIGEMINAL Neuralgia-

A

neurological disorder that develops when the central
nervous system—the brain and spinal cord—
is damaged (post stroke)

nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face (along trigeminal
nerve).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

wheres trigeminal nerve?

A

along the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pain with underlying pathology syndromes ( 6)

A

 Musculoskeletal pain syndrome = osteoporios
 Myofascial pain syndrome
 Intervetebral disc syndrome = disc degernradting/ ushion is like bone to bone.
 Arthritis
 Headache
 Cancer pain
syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of pain is headache?

A

viseral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what kind of pain is intervetebral disc syndrome ?

A

somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what kind of pain is myofascial pain syndrome?

A

Cutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

NocicePTION

A

the process of pain. perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A. Transduction –

B. Transmisson ( route)

A

INJURY OCCURS.tissue injury stimulate nerve fibers that signals the brain

THE ACTUAL INJURY PAIN SIGNALS. Transmission of
pain – from peripheral nerves and spinal cord- thalamus-

23
Q

C. Perception - ( list the double T’s and D)

D. Modulation –

A

Perception involves the recognition and definition of pain in the frontal cortex. ( threshold/ tolerance/duration )

brain stem sends signals back down spinal cord/ By facilitating or inhibiting pain signals through the endogenous analgesia system and the gate-control mechanism.

24
Q

Gate control theory describes the:

  • NAME FIBERS AND THEIR DUTY
A

mechanism of pain sensation
 Pain is perceived by the interplay between 2 fibers-
those that produce pain (C), and those that inhibit
pain (A Delta)

25
Q

Gate control explained ( EXAMPLES)

A

Gate open with body injury/pain

 When skin is stimulated (massage) after
pain response, it closes the gate to spinal
cord - decreases number of pain impulses
that reach the brain for perception

26
Q

Therapy:
Spinal Cord stimulator-

Acupuncture-

Acupressure-

Myofascial release therapy (active release)-

Massage-

Low level laser therapy-

A

surgically implanted for intractable pain (for pain NOT relieved)

tens (block pain receptors)

stimulates endogenous analgesia
(norepinephrine, serotonin)

firm, gentle pressure, induces relaxation, relieve
pain

manual pressure to
over used/injured muscles and nerves

loosens adhesions/scar tissue

cutaneous stimulation

cold laser (light penetrates deeply into
tissue decreasing inflammation)

27
Q

Pain sensation –

Pain reaction –

A

stimuli patient
perceives as pain.

pain stimulates
“fight or flight”, pain fibers
become sensitized that can
intensify and spread

28
Q

Pain threshold –

Pain tolerance –

A

Pain threshold LEAST AMOUNT OF STIMULI . is the point at which the brain recognizes and defines a stimulus as pain

the max amount and duration of pain an individual is willing to experience.

29
Q

Factors Affecting the Pain
Experience (6)

A
  1. Fear
  2. Fatigue
    3.Lack of knowledge
    4.Culture/Ethnic
    5.Developmental (adaptive/learned behavior)
    6.previous pain experience
30
Q

Developmental Factors of pain

 Newborn
 Toddler/Preschooler
 School Age Child
 Adolescents
 Adult
 Older Adult

A

 Newborn ( cry)

 Toddler/Preschooler (verbally/pointing)

 School Age Child ( able to speak)

 Adolescents ( sometimes reluctance)

 Adult ( vary may be related to childhood/ gender based/ seen as weakness)

 Older Adult ( may be unable to speak bc cognitive impairment/ atypical ways/ nonverbal /social isolation/depression/sleep disturbances/ impaired mobility)

31
Q

Assessment of Pain(Fifth Vital Sign) * 5*

A
  1. Location – where is your pain?,
    external? internal?, ask to point to
    painful area, especially children
  2. Onset and duration – how long have
    you had this pain? How long has it
    lasted?
  3. Intensity/severity
    – how would you
    describe the pain?
    *Use of scale from 0-10
    with “0” = no pain
    * Mild, moderate,
    severe…\
  4. Quality – ask patient to describe
    what pain feels like
    Example:
    Crushing, burning, constant,
    dull, sharp, pounding, etc
  5. Associated characteristics : ask
    patient:
     Any visual disturbances?
     Nausea? Anorexia?
     Depression?, muscle spasms,
    anger, etc
32
Q

four pain scale

A

interferes with task, moderate pain/tooth ache

33
Q

two pain is …

A

mild pain, can be ignored

34
Q

eight pain is …

A

interferes with basic needs/severe pain

35
Q

six pain is …

A

moderate/interferes with concentration

36
Q

ten pain is…

A

worst pain/ requires bedrest

37
Q

Behavioral responses –

A

does
the patient rub or support the
area, need to make frequent
position changes, walk, pace

38
Q

Facial expressions –

A

grimaces
 Verbal expression
 Affective responses – how does it
make you feel?
 How does pain interfere with
the client’s life.

39
Q

PQRST ( explain each letter)

A

P : provocative: (What causes. pain? What makes it better?)

Q – quality: (What does it feel like?)

R – region/radiation: (Where does the pain
radiate?)

S- severity: How severe is the pain on a
scale of 1 - 10?

T - time ( when did the pain start)

40
Q

Nursing interventions:

(Independent)

(Dependent)):

A

Therapeutic touch,
massage, quiet room, darkened room,
music, imagery, distractions (video
games, reading, TV)

NEED A DOCTORS ORDER Medications,
acupressure, acupuncture, TENS unit, heat and ice pack/BRACES.

41
Q

Opioid (narcotic)

 Action – ____________
 Uses: __________
 Side effects –_____________

A

acts in CNS
mod-severe pain/most common is

CONSTIPATION , most dangerous is
respiratory depression

42
Q

Non opioid – Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Classification:
 Side effects________
 Uses-

A

Analgesic & Antipyretic

both side effects: hepatotoxicity

mild to moderate pain

43
Q

NSAID’s - ___________ ( we love this)

Classification:
 Used for ________
 Side effects –

A

(ibpro)
non-steroidal anti inflammatory non-opiod

Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antipyretic

Fever and musculoskeletal pain.

Can cause GI bleeding, No ASA while taking this med, can cause kidney damage.

44
Q

Opioid and nonopioid combination
 Example: _________________
 Uses- ___________
 Effects -_________

A

Lortab, Norco, Vicodin/ ibuprofen

Treats moderate to severe pain

 Effects CNS and peripheral nerve
pathways

45
Q

Adjuvant Analgesics

 Example:

A

is a medication that is not primarily designed to control pain but can be used for this purpose

valium, vistaril

46
Q

A client is being discharged home on an
opioid for chronic back pain. Which
medication should the nurse also request?
A. Stool softener
B. Allergy
medication
C. Pain reliever
D. Anti-ulcer
medication

A

A. STOOL softener

47
Q

The pain experience can significantly interfere with a person’s quality of life and affect nearly every aspect of daily living.

T or F

A

T

48
Q

Pain is NOT a subjective experience.
T OR F

A

F . it can be

49
Q

A fracture or sprain, arthritis, and bone cancer can cause___________ type of pain

A

deep somatic pain.

50
Q

Menstrual cramps, labor pain, gastrointestinal (GI) infections, bowel disorders, and organ cancers all produce_______ pain.

A

visceral

51
Q

A patient who just had their leg amputated but feels as though the leg is still there

A

Phantom pain

52
Q

chest pain experienced during a myocardial infarction (heart attack) is caused by ____________- stimuli, specifically the changes that result from tissue ischemia.

A

by internal chemical stimuli,

53
Q

NONOPIOID analgesics include a variety of medications that relieve

A

mild to moderate pain

54
Q

Acetaminophen vs NSAIDS ( 3 POINTS )

A

-Has analgesic and fever-reducing properties.

-Has fewer side effects and is probably the safest of the nonopioids.

-Does not affect platelet function

Nur 111 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions