Urinarisis

Question 1

What are the four methods of Urine collection?

Answer 1

-Cleam catch midstream
-urinary Catheterization
-Suprapubic collection
-24 hr urine collection

Question 2

What are the differential diagnosis for all the parameters of Urinalysis?

Answer 2

Glucose(N: small or absent)
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hyperthyroidism
-Cushing syndrome
-Pancreatitis

Ketones (N:Absent)
-Urinary tract infection
-Ketoacidosis
-Alcoholism

Bilirubin(N:Absent)
-Liver Cirrhosis
-Hepatitis
-Gall bladder obstruction
-Hemolytic Anemia

Urobilinogen (N:Absent)
-Liver Cirrhosis
-Hepatitis
-Hemolytic anemia

Proteins (N:Absent)
-Glomerulonephritis
-Nephrotic syndrome
-Diabetes Neuropathy

PH (4.6-8)
-Acidosis (Low PH)
-Alkalosis ( High PH)
-Kidney disease
-Lung disease.

Specific gravity (N:1.005-1.030)
-Dehydration
-Congestive heart failure
-Diabetes inspidus

Nitrates (N:Absent)
-Glomerulonephritis
-Urinary tract infection
-Dehydration

Leukocytes (N:Absent)
-Glomerulonephritis
-Urinary tract infection
-Cystitis

Blood (N:Absent)
-Kidney stones
-Bladder cancer
-Urinary tract infection