Respiratory Examination

Question 1

What are the respiratory causes of finger clubbing

Answer 1

-Bronchial Ashma
-Bronchiestasis
-Benign mesothelioma
-Cystic fibrosis
-Lung abscess
-Sarcoidosis

Question 2

What are the types of breath sounds?

Answer 2

1. Rales
   -These are abnormal breath sounds
   -Are heard during physical examination of Lungs
   -Caused by movement of air into fluid filled or collapsed airways
   -indicate a variety of underlying conditions.

2.Ronchi
-Charasterised by a low pitched wheezing or snoring sound often described as a rumbling noise

3.Stridor
-Wheez-like high pitched sounds heard when a person breathes
-Causes by blockage of the trachea or back of throat.

4. Wheezing
   -High pitched sound produced by narrowed airways.
   -Often heard when a person breaths out.

5.Crepitus
-Sounds and sensation associated with subcutaneous emphysema.

6.pleural friction rub
-Causes by inflamed and roughed pleural surfaces moving against each other during movements of the chest wall.

Question 3

Briefly explain the types of percussion notes?

Answer 3

1.Resonance notes: These are normal sounds heard over the lungs. They usually have a low pitch

2.Hyper-Resonance: They are heard over hyper-inflated lungs. Also have a low pitch.

3.Typanic notes : Drum like sounds with a low pitch. A gas filled area or pneumothorax can produce these notes.

4.Flat percussion: High pitched sounds with soft quality. Heard over dense connective tissue where there
is no air.

5.Dullness notes: Have moderate pitch. Heard when there is a combination of solid and fluid area.

Question 4

What are the boundaries for the safety triangle for ICD insertion?

Answer 4

-Anterior border of latissmus dorsi
-Lateral border of pectoris major muscle
-A line superior to the horizontal level of the nipple.
-An Apex below the axilla