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Clin Lab III > Urinalysis Pt 2 > Flashcards

Urinalysis Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sedi-stain is aka

A

Sternheimer-Malbin

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2
Q

Primary choice stain of UA

A

Sedi-stain

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3
Q

To examine crystals, you should view a slide on

A

10x

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4
Q

To examine bacteria, WBCs, and RBCs, you should view on

A

40x

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5
Q

When an animal has pyuria, there is usually this many in a slide?

A

> 5/hpf

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6
Q

Normal finding for RBCs

A

up to 5/HPF

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7
Q

This may be seen in urine from males collected by voiding, catheterization, or cystocentesis
Confirms intact male

A

Sperm

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8
Q

Cellular covering of both internal and external body surfaces

A

Epithelial cells

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9
Q

Largest in size of the epithelial cells that are shed from the distal urethra, vagina, vulva, and prepuce
Looks like a fried egg (thin, flat, angular, or irregular outline, small round nucleus)

A

Squamous cells

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10
Q

Normal # for squamous cells

A

Low #s

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11
Q

Epithelial cells that have a tail and are round

Originate from the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra

A

Transitional

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12
Q

Smallest epithelial cells seen

A

Renal Tubular

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13
Q

Tumor cells of the urinary tract

A

Neoplastic cells

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14
Q

These form in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys where the concentration and acidity of urine is the greatest
Composed of protein and mucoproteins

A

Casts

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15
Q

Normal # of casts to see upon UA

A

few to none

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16
Q

Casts dissolve in this type of urine

A

dilute/basic

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17
Q

Cast that is smooth, clear, colorless, and semi-transparent with parallel sides and clear margins and blunted ends
Composed only of protein
Seen in increased numbers with proteinuria, strenuous exercise, and general anesthesia

A

Hyaline

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18
Q

Most common cast that is seen in UA
Textured appearance that can be fine or coarse
Contain granules that were once epithelial cells, RBCs, or WBCs
Seen in large numbers with nephritis and kidney damage

A

Granular

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19
Q

These casts are wider than hyaline and have square ends
Smooth, Colorless to grey and highly refractive
Large numbers indicate degeneration of renal tubules and always pathogenic

A

Waxy

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20
Q

These casts can have any type of cell inside and their membrane may or may not be visible
Deep yellow to orange in color
Form when RBCs cluster within the lumen of the tubules
Indicate renal bleeding

A

Cellular (Erythrocyte)

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21
Q

These casts are rarely seen in dogs and contain small lipid droplets
Large numbers indicate renal tubular degeneration
Seen with Diabetes Mellitus
Most common casts in cats with renal dz

A

Fatty

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22
Q

Identified in stained or unstained urine

Rod or cocci

A

Bacteria

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23
Q

If you suspect bacteria, you could use this to diagnose

A

Gram stain

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24
Q

Identified in unstained urine
Look like snowmen or footprints, colorless, and may have budding
Represents contamination, infection, or an old sample

A

Yeast

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25
Q

Hyphae represent overgrowth of contaminants in sample where analysis was delayed
If in fresh urine, indicates fungal infx of kidney or bladder

A

Fungus

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26
Q

Fungus that can cause systemic infections including colonization of the renal pelvis

A

Aspergillus terreus

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27
Q

Can be confused with casts, but do not have defined edges, resemble a twisted ribbon
Common in horse urine

A

Mucus thread

28
Q

Comes from dusting powders within gloves

Variable in size and have a Y-shape dot in the center

A

Starch

29
Q

Sometimes contaminates urine samples and can include parasite eggs

A

Fecal material

30
Q

A parasite that is typically non-pathogenic that can be seen in a urine sample
Looks similar to Tricherus

A

Capillaria plica

31
Q

C. plica is AKA

A

bladder worm

32
Q

Dogs and cats can become infected with C. plica by eating

A

an earthworm

33
Q

A single dose of this drug should get rid of C. plica

A

Ivermectin

34
Q

This type of parasite is seen due to hemorrhaging

A

Microfilaria (<3worm)

35
Q

This parasite’s eggs are yellow/brown thick walled ova with a wavy surface
Infects cats, dogs, and humans or carnivorous animals

A

Dioctophyma renale

36
Q

Dioctophyma renale is AKA

A

Giant kidney worm

37
Q

Animals can become infected with D. renale by

A

eating raw meat

38
Q

Common finding in cat urine

Refractile spheres that result from obesity, diabetes, and KY Jelly

A

Fat Droplets (lipiduria)

39
Q

Round to oval in shape with a yellow to brown tint with variable appearance
Can be confused with parasite eggs

A

Mold/Pollen spores

40
Q

Take on interesting forms and shapes

Should not be confused with microorganisms

A

Cloth Fibers

41
Q

Elongated, asymmetrical and refractile appearance, not to be confused with fungus or parasite larva

A

hair fibers

42
Q

When a coverslip is placed on a slide containing urine sediment, these can appear

A

air bubbles

43
Q

Crystals in the urine

A

crystalluria

44
Q

Most common crystal found in urine
Colorless and 3D appearing, look like coffin lids
Found in urine with any pH
Caused by UTI or bacteria

A

Struvite

45
Q

Struvite is AKA

A

triple phosphate

46
Q

Struvites prefer a more _______ to ____________ urine

A

neutral to alkaline

47
Q

Second most common crystal found in urine

A

Calcium Oxalate

48
Q

2 types of calcium oxalate crystals

A

Monohydrate and dihydrate

49
Q

This type of calcium oxalate crystal can be seen with antifreeze poisoning
Spindle, oval, or dumbell shaped

A

Monohydrate

50
Q

This type of calcium oxalate crystals look like squares than contain an x
If seen in large numbers, can be signifying antifreeze poisoning or acute renal failure

A

Dihydrate

51
Q

This breed of dog is predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate crystals

A

Mini schnauzers

52
Q

This type of crystal favors acidic urine and look like stop signs found in layers

A

Cystine

53
Q

Increased numbers of cystine crystals that could indicate renal tubular dysfunction

A

Cystine crystalluria

54
Q

These crystals favor alkaline urine and are yellow/brown in color, spheres with spicules (kind of like an acanthocyte)

A

Ammonium urate/biurate

55
Q

2 dog breeds that are predisposed to Ammonium urate crystals

A

Dalmatians and english bulldogs

56
Q

Favor alkaline urine
Yellow, brown, or colorless spherical with striations or dumbbell shaped
Normal in horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats

A

Calcium carbonate

57
Q

Animals that Ca Carb crystals are normal to see in

A

horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats

58
Q

Favor acidic urine and are yellow/brownish
Spheroids with concentric striations and dense (tree ring appearance)
Rare and seen with tyrosine

A

Leucine

59
Q

These crystals favor acidic urine and a yellow to light brown with needles protruding from the center and seen in small clusters
Rare in animals, but seen with liver dz in humans

A

Tyrosine

60
Q

Aggregates of finely granular material without definite shape

A

Amorphous

61
Q

These amorphous crystals are made of Na, K, Mg, or Ca salts
Form in acidic urine
Brown/yellow in color

A

Amorphous urate

62
Q

These amorphous crystals are similar to urates but are clear and form in alkaline urine

A

Amorphous phosphates

63
Q

These crystals are common in canine urine that is highly concentrated and precipitates onto other elements in urine

A

Billirubin

64
Q

These crystals prefer acidic urine and are yellow/brown in color and look like a lemon or diamond shape

A

Uric acid

65
Q

This breed of dog can’t convert uric acid so they excrete it in urine

A

Dalmatian

66
Q

Uric acid stones tend to be more common in these dalmatians

A

males

67
Q

Seen with animals that have been treated with sulfonamides

Resemble an iris or hay bushel and develop from decreased water consumption during treatment

A

Sulfonamide

Clin Lab III (6 decks)

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