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Clin Lab III > Urinalysis pt. 1 > Flashcards

Urinalysis pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Excess urea in the urine

A

Azoturia

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2
Q

Waste product of protein metabolism

Formed in the liver and excreted in urine

A

Urea

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3
Q

Muscle protein in the urine

Indicates severe muscle damage

A

Myogloinuria

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4
Q

Crystals in urine

Can cause kidney irritation

A

Crystaluria

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5
Q

Hemoglobin in the urine

A

Hemoglobinuria

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6
Q

HgB comes from RBCs that rupture in the vascular system
Schistocytes are seen
DIC

A

True Hemoglobinuria

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7
Q

HgB comes from RBC that have hemolyzed in the urinary bladder
Bacteria caused

A

False hemoglobinuria

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8
Q

Glucose in the urine

A

Glucosuria, Glycosuria, Dextrosuria

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9
Q

The maintenance of constant osmolality (concentration of urine), regardless of osmotic changes of blood

A

Isothenuria

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10
Q

With Isothenuria, the USG would be

Glomerular filtrate

A

1.008-1.012

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11
Q

Excessive ketones in blood

Seen with high fat diets, starvation, long term anorexia, impaired liver function

A

Ketonemia

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12
Q

Excessive ketones in urine

Occurs with Diabetes Mellitus

A

Ketonuria

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13
Q

A source of energy and produced during fat metabolism

A

Ketones

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14
Q

Early in lactation, when the energy for milk production exceeds the nutritional intake
Caused by insufficient cholesterol intake

A

Ketoacidosis (Ketosis)

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15
Q

Pus in the urine, accompanied by bacteria

A

Pyuria

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16
Q

Stones/calculi in the urinary tract

A

Urolithiasis

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17
Q

Mineral salts that combine to form stone

A

Calculi

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18
Q

Stone

A

Urolith

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19
Q

Act of urinating

A

Micturition

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20
Q

Inflammation of the bladder

Due to infected kidney or urethra

A

Cystitis

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21
Q

Inflammation of the kidneys

A

Nephritis

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22
Q

Feline Urologic Syndrome
aka FLUTD
Complete/partial obstruction of the urinary tract

A

FUS

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23
Q

Mass of capillaries that bring blood to the nephron

A

Renal glomerulus

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24
Q

No urine

Distinct sign of kidney failure

A

Anuria

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25
Q

Large volumes of urine

A

Polyuria

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26
Q

Scanty urine

C/S of renal insufficiency

A

Oliguria

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27
Q

Collection method that has the highest number of contaminants (bacteria, WBCs, RBCs)

A

Free Catch

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28
Q

Collection method that creates trauma and RBCs in urine

A

Expression

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29
Q

Who should not be expressed?

A

Awake patients

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30
Q

Best collection method to check patency of urethra

Can increase number of RBCs, fat droplets, and squamous epithelial cells

A

Catheterization

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31
Q

Preferred method of urine collection

Lowest number of contminants

A

Cystocentesis

32
Q

Once urine is collected, it should be placed in a UA container or plain

A

red top tube

33
Q

Urine samples should be analyzed within

A

30 min-1 hr

34
Q

Refrigeration preserves most urine for

35
Q

This is used for urine preservation and will form a layer on top of sample

36
Q

Increase in the frequency of urination

A

pollakuria

37
Q

Excessive amount of urine

38
Q

A single urination observation is not enough for examining urine output, you should examine for at least

39
Q

Normal urine output for dogs and cats

40
Q

Straw, yellow, amber

41
Q

Pale yellow-yellow

A

Normal diluted

42
Q

Color of urine that is highly concentrated, Normal for the 1st morning sample
Increased SG

A

Dark yellow

43
Q

Color of urine that is diluted, seen with polydipsia, diabetes, or renal dz

44
Q

Color of urine seen with bile pigments, +/- green foam

A

Dark yellow/bright green

45
Q

This color of urine is seen with hematuria and hemoglobinuria

A

Bright red

46
Q

Color of urine seen with hematuria/hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria

A

Reddish-brown

47
Q

Color of urine seen with myoglobinuria

48
Q

Color of urine that is normal for rabbits, horses, and when animals are on certain drugs

49
Q

The transparency of normal, fresh urine is usually

A

clear-slightly cloudy

50
Q

This animal’s urine is cloudy with mucus

51
Q

This animal’s urine is milky and rusty brown

52
Q

Excess turbidity of the urine is a result of

A

suspended particles in urine

53
Q

Not highly diagnostic, males have a stronger ______

54
Q

This odor could mean bacteria or cystitis

55
Q

This odor could mean ketones, diabetes, or bacteria

56
Q

This odor could mean bacteria

57
Q

Read using a refractometer

A

Specific gravity

58
Q

Measure of the solute concentration in urine

Assesses the ability of the renal tubules to concentrate or dilute filtrate

59
Q

Normal USG of dogs

A

1.018-1.045 (1.025)

60
Q

Normal USG of cats

A

1.020-1.040 (1.030)

61
Q

Most accurate of the dipstick tests

62
Q

Animal urine is slightly

63
Q

Foam in urine is an indication of

64
Q

If a dipstick is placed in hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, or formaldehyde, OR if the strip is outdated, it will result in a _____ _____________ for the protein test

A

false positive

65
Q

If there is excess Vitamin C or certain drugs such as salicylates or tetracyclines that the pt is on, it will result in a _______ ___________ for the protein test

A

false negative

66
Q

Glucose levels exceed the threshold

A

Hyperglycemia

67
Q

Type of hyperglycemia that is caused by Diabetes Mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism

A

Persistent hyperglycemia

68
Q

Type of hyperglycemia that is stress related, pancreatitis, or 1-2 post meal

A

Transient hyperglycemia

69
Q

Metabolic product derived from excess acetylcholine from fatty acids within the liver

70
Q

The least accurate test on a dipstick

A

Urobilinogen

71
Q

2nd least useful dipstick test

72
Q

True HgBuria is caused by

A

Intravascular hemolysis

73
Q

False HgBuria is caused by

A

RBCs lysing in the bladder

74
Q

Clear supernatant with whole RBCs sedimenting at the bottom

75
Q

Red supernatant with Whole RBCs and Ghost Cells sedimenting at the bottom

A

Myoglobinuria

76
Q

Red supernatant with ghost cells sedimenting at the bottom

A

Hemoglobinuria

Clin Lab III (6 decks)

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