Urinalysis Flashcards
1
Q
Specific Gravity
A
Normal is 1.002 - 1.035
Decreased - nephritis, diabetes insipidus, excess fluid intake
Increased - vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, excess sweating, diminished fluid intake
2
Q
pH
A
Normal is 4.5 - 8
3
Q
Low pH
A
Metabolic acidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis diarrhoea Dehydration starvation fever certain infections
4
Q
High pH
A
Renal failure
vomiting
metabolic alkylosis
certain infections
5
Q
Protein
A
Infection Hypertension Renal disease Gout amyloidosis toxaemia (in pregnant women, pre-eclampsia) MSU for culture and sensitivity
6
Q
Glucose
A
Lowered renal threshold
Diabetes mellitus
(Check for signs - increases thirst, tiredness, polyuria, genital pruritis, skin infections)
7
Q
Ketones
A
(smell, glucose? diabetic symptoms?) Diabetic ketoacidosis Vomiting Diarrhoea Fever Low carb diet Starvation Anorexia
8
Q
Blood
A
UTI signs Renal cancer acute nephritis Polycystic kidney Benign or not bladder cancer Prostate cancer Urethral damage
9
Q
Nitrites and leucocytes
A
UTI
(smell, cloudiness, particles)
Frequency/burning on urination, pain, fever
MSU for culture and antibiotic sensitivity
