Child Development Flashcards
Attachment
An enduring emotional relationship between two people (child and carer) ..
Attachment starts and involves
From 7 months
- Involves physical proximity seeking
- Provokes separation anxiety
- Provides comfort, care, security and a safe base for exploration
Attachment styles
Secure
Avoidant
Ambivalent
Disorganised
First words
~12 months
‘Telegraph’ speech
~ 2 years
Progression to complete sentences
From 3 years
How does attachment work
Security –> Separation, fear, discomfort –> Anxiety, attachment behaviour –> Carer’s response re-establishes proximity –> Anxiety decreases –> Attachment behaviour drops –> Security
Securely attached children have, know, develop
Have sensitive, warm, responsive parents
Know that the carer is available to meet heir needs with consistency
Develop - trust and confidence in other
- positive view of themselves and other
- sense of security/safety to explore, play, learn
Quality of attachment is measured
With the “Strange Situation” experiment which looks at@
- How the child uses carer as safe base
- How child reacts to separation and reunion
- Child’s behaviour reflects the quality of interaction with carer
Secure attachment has been associated with
- Emotional and social competence
- Successful peer relations
- Higher self-esteem
- Greater resilience
- Less active stress systems (normal cortisol patterns)
- Better overall psychological health
- Secure attachment with own children
Children’s ideas about illness Stage Model
4 - 7 years - magical thinking, belief in punishment
7 - 11 years - Aware of external causes (contact with the ill/germs) but ALL illnesses are contagious
11+ - Biological explanations
Sophisticated Child View
Children as young as 5 can understand causes of illness, contamination, role of germs, treatments, illness prevention, death
Knowledge advances with age - but not through stages, not all depends on cofnitive maturation
Influence of - Individual differences and age, experience, culture, education, training
GMS: 1-2 months
Holds head up and steady
GMS: 2 - 3 months
Holds up head and chest with arms on tummy
Sits with support
GMS: 3-4 months
Rolls from tummy to back
GMS: 6 - 7 months
Rolls from back to tummy
GMS: 6 - 8 months
Sits without support
GMS: 8 - 9 months
Pulls toward standing position
GMS: 9 months
Crawls
GMS: 9 - 10 months
Walks with support
GMS: 11 - 12 months
Stands without support
GMS: 12 - 13 months
Walks without support
Social: By 2 months
Starts to smile and look directly at you
Cries to get needs met
Occasionally self-soothe by sucking on hands/fingers
Social: By 4 months
Smile and play spontaneously
Cries when you stop playing
Begins to engage with you by imitating your expressions
Social: By 6 months
More aware of which people are familiar and which are strangers
Can respond to your emotions by crying, smiling or laughing
Enjoy looking at themselves in the mirror
Social: By 9 months
Start to show stranger anxiety
Start to prefer some toys over others
May cry when familiar faces aren’t around
Social: By 12 months
Play favourites with familiar people
Are more interactive e.g. handing you a book/toy or making a specific noise to get your attention
Enjoy simple interactive games e.g. peekaboo
Securely attached Parenting style
Consistent, responsive
Securely attached child behaviour
Gets upset when mother leaves
Calms down easily when she returns
Explores environment/animated play
Avoidant attachment parenting style
Rejecting, interfering
Avoidant attached child
Not upset when mother leaves
Turns away from mother at return
Mood is flat/play is not animated
Ambivalent parenting style
Inconsistent, unreliable
Ambivalent attached child
Gets upset when mother leaves
Seeks contact and rejects it
Remains upset/play not animated
Disorganised parenting style
Neglectful or abusive
Disorganised attached child
Behaviour is disorganised and incoherent
Remains distressed
