Child Development Flashcards
Attachment
An enduring emotional relationship between two people (child and carer) ..
Attachment starts and involves
From 7 months
- Involves physical proximity seeking
- Provokes separation anxiety
- Provides comfort, care, security and a safe base for exploration
Attachment styles
Secure
Avoidant
Ambivalent
Disorganised
First words
~12 months
‘Telegraph’ speech
~ 2 years
Progression to complete sentences
From 3 years
How does attachment work
Security –> Separation, fear, discomfort –> Anxiety, attachment behaviour –> Carer’s response re-establishes proximity –> Anxiety decreases –> Attachment behaviour drops –> Security
Securely attached children have, know, develop
Have sensitive, warm, responsive parents
Know that the carer is available to meet heir needs with consistency
Develop - trust and confidence in other
- positive view of themselves and other
- sense of security/safety to explore, play, learn
Quality of attachment is measured
With the “Strange Situation” experiment which looks at@
- How the child uses carer as safe base
- How child reacts to separation and reunion
- Child’s behaviour reflects the quality of interaction with carer
Secure attachment has been associated with
- Emotional and social competence
- Successful peer relations
- Higher self-esteem
- Greater resilience
- Less active stress systems (normal cortisol patterns)
- Better overall psychological health
- Secure attachment with own children
Children’s ideas about illness Stage Model
4 - 7 years - magical thinking, belief in punishment
7 - 11 years - Aware of external causes (contact with the ill/germs) but ALL illnesses are contagious
11+ - Biological explanations
Sophisticated Child View
Children as young as 5 can understand causes of illness, contamination, role of germs, treatments, illness prevention, death
Knowledge advances with age - but not through stages, not all depends on cofnitive maturation
Influence of - Individual differences and age, experience, culture, education, training
GMS: 1-2 months
Holds head up and steady
GMS: 2 - 3 months
Holds up head and chest with arms on tummy
Sits with support
GMS: 3-4 months
Rolls from tummy to back
GMS: 6 - 7 months
Rolls from back to tummy
GMS: 6 - 8 months
Sits without support
GMS: 8 - 9 months
Pulls toward standing position
GMS: 9 months
Crawls
GMS: 9 - 10 months
Walks with support
GMS: 11 - 12 months
Stands without support
GMS: 12 - 13 months
Walks without support
Social: By 2 months
Starts to smile and look directly at you
Cries to get needs met
Occasionally self-soothe by sucking on hands/fingers
Social: By 4 months
Smile and play spontaneously
Cries when you stop playing
Begins to engage with you by imitating your expressions
