Urinalysis Flashcards
Micturate
To urinate
Polyuria
Excessive production of urine
Oliguria
Reduced urine output
Anuria
Absence of urine production
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Proteinuria
Protein in the urine
Urolithiasis
Uroliths/ urinary crystals present
Glucosuria
Glucose in the urine
Haematuria
Blood in urine
Non - sterile sample collection
- Natural urination
-Manual expression
Sterile sample collection
- Catheterisation
-Cystocentesis
Urine Storage
- Examine 1hr of collection
-Refrigerate at 4-8 degrees for no more than 6hrs
Storage container
- Universal container (white top)
-Boric container (red top)
Plain sample pots
- Sterile universal pot
-Microscopic examination
-Urine specific gravity
Boric acid sample pot
- Red top
- Used for microbiological testing
Colour
-Normally pale
-Green= bile pigments
-Red= RBC
-Pigmented medications can alter color
Turbidity
-Idicates a higher than normal concentration of one of the following:
-cells
-crystals
-bacteria
-casts
Smell
- Freshly voided should be odourless
-If smells it indicates infection
Canine normal pH
5.2-6.8
Canine normal SG
1.015-1.045
Feline normal pH
6.0-7.0
Feline normal SP
1.020-1.060
Crystals
-Cystitis
-urolithiasis
-Haematuria
Triple Phosphate
-Coffin lid appearance
-Akaline to slightly acidic urine
Calcium Carbonate
-Some are dumb bell shaped
-Some are round, with lines radiating from centre
Calcium Oxalate
- Small squares with X across them
-Common in liver disease
Cystine
- Result of genetic abnormaility
- Common in male dogs
Uric Acid
- Dalmatians are genetically predisposed as unable to process uric acid
-Require surgical removal
