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Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

proteinuria
RBCs, RBC casts
1-2 weeks post infection

A

acute glomerulonephritis
S. pyogenes

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2
Q

cellular, waxy, broad casts
glycosuria

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s

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4
Q

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

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5
Q

decrease in platelets
stool occult blood
RBC casts
children post viral infection

A

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

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6
Q

increased cellularity in the subendothelial cells of the mesangium (interstitial area of Bowman’s capsule)

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

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7
Q

Immune IgA complexes deposited on the glomerular membrane
glycosuria, cellular, waxy and broad casts

A

IgA nephropathy

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8
Q

heavy proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
RTEs, OFBs, fatty casts, waxy casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

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9
Q

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin, analgesic abuse, and AIDS

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

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10
Q

Inherited sex-linked or autosomal genetic disorder of collagen production affecting the glomerular basement membrane

A

Alport’s syndrome

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11
Q

Damage to the RTE cells produced by ischemia

A

acute tubular necrosis

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12
Q

General failure of tubular reabsorption
possible cystine crystals

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

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13
Q

differentiates upper from lower UTI

A

WBC casts

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14
Q

urine eosinophils, no bacteria, WBCs, WBC casts
skin rash

A

acute interstitial nephritis

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15
Q

Mousy odor to the urine
disrupts the normal pathway of phenylalanine to tyrosine

A

phenylketonuria

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16
Q

Inherited defect vs metabolic defect (tyrosine or leucine crystals)

A

tyrosyluria

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17
Q

dark urine
malignancy

A

melanuria

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18
Q

Reddish-stained disposable diapers
Brown pigment becomes deposited in the body tissues
Homogentisic acid accumulates

A

alkaptonuria

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19
Q

keto acids accumulate in the blood and urine

A

maple syrup urine disease

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20
Q

“smelly feet” odor to urine

A

isovaleric acidemia

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21
Q

blue diaper syndrome

A

indicanuria/Hartnup disease

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22
Q

Sulfur smell to urine and cystine crystals present

A

cystinuria

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23
Q

Mucopolysaccharide Disorders

A

Hurler syndrome
Hunter syndrome
Sanfilippo Syndrome

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24
Q

many uric acid crystals
sandy diaper
self-destruction

A

Lesch-Nyhan disease

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25
Q

Disorder of purine metabolism

A

Lesch-Nyhan disease

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26
Q

carbs in urine

A

melituria

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27
Q

pellicle formation in CSF

A

tubercular meningitis

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28
Q

CSF lactate >35

A

bacterial meningitis

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29
Q

CSF gluatmine >35

A

disturbance of consciousness

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30
Q

Increased IgG index

A

bands in CSF, not in serum
MS

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31
Q

2 types of body fluid collections

A

transudate (clear)
exudate (cloudy)

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32
Q

aligned with slow vibration; fast light is impeded, producing a yellow color (negative birefringence)

A

monosodium urate crystals

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33
Q

gout vs pseudogout crystals

A

gout: MSU
pseudogout: CPPD

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34
Q

impede the slow light producing a blue color (positive birefringence)

A

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

35
Q

yellow amniotic fluid

36
Q

green amniotic fluid

37
Q

red-brown amniotic fluid

A

fetal death

38
Q

used to determine if bilirubin is low enough for fetus to be safe

A

Lily graph

39
Q

Reported in terms of multiples of the median (MoM)

A

AFP for neural tube defects

40
Q

primary component of the surfactants

41
Q

When a L/S ratio is —— at preterm delivery, baby is usually considered safe

42
Q

Shake test: Amniotic fluid is mixed with ——– and shaken for 15 seconds

A

95% ethanol

43
Q

Densely packed layers of phospholipids that represent a storage form of pulmonary surfactant.

A

lamellar bodies

44
Q

The number of ———– counted in amniotic fluid correlates with the amount of phospholipid present in the fetal lungs.

A

lamellar bodies

45
Q

distinguish between the presences of fetal blood or maternal blood in an infant’s stool or vomitus

46
Q

hemocytometer count calculation

A

(avg # cells)(10)(dilution factor)/area counted, mm2

47
Q

normal random urine pH

48
Q

Occurs in vertical position, disappears in horizontal position

A

orthostatic proteinuria

49
Q

principle of protein detection on urine strip

A

protein error of indicators

50
Q

Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) Precipitation

A

urine protein confirmatory

51
Q

renal threshold for glucose

A

160-180 mg/dL

52
Q

causes false negatives on glucose, blood and bilirubin pads on urine stick

A

ascorbic acid

53
Q

Copper Reduction Test (Clinitest/Benedict’s Test)

A

urine glucose confirmatory

54
Q

3 ketones

A

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (78%)
Acetoacetic acid (20%)
Acetone (2%)

55
Q

acetest

A

urine ketones confirmatory

56
Q

urine strip blood pad based on…

A

pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

57
Q

Ictotest

A

urine bilirubin confirmatory

58
Q

best urine collection for urobilinogen

59
Q

Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction

A

urine urobilinogen

60
Q

Griess reaction

A

nitrites in urine

61
Q

catalyzes the hydrolysis of an acid ester embedded on a pad

A

leukocyte esterase

62
Q

SG not affected by radiographic dye

A

urine strip

63
Q

at RT, urine should be examined before — hours

64
Q

Sternheimer-Malbin stain

A

Identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts in urine

65
Q

0.5% Toluidine Blue stain

A

Differentiates WBCs and renal tubular epithelial cells in urine

66
Q

does not stain with Oil Red O or Sudan III

A

cholesterol

67
Q

Hansel stain

A

Identifies urinary eosinophils

68
Q

lymphs in urine

A

renal graft rejection

69
Q

RTE cells filled with absorbed lipids

A

oval fat bodies

70
Q

major component of hyaline casts

A

uromodulin/Tamm-Horsfall protein

71
Q

Represent extreme urinary stasis

A

waxy casts

72
Q

Represent extreme urinary stasis and tubular distension

A

broad casts

73
Q

normal crystals in acidic urine

A

amorphous urates
uric acid
acid urates
sodium urates
calcium oxalate

74
Q

normal crystals in alkaline urine

A

amorphous phosphates
triple phosphate
calcium phosphate
calcium carbonate
ammonium biurate

75
Q

coffin lid

A

triple phosphate

76
Q

thorny apple

A

ammonium biurate

77
Q

envelope crystal

A

calcium oxalate

78
Q

hexagonal crystals

79
Q

Rectangular plate with a notch in one or more corners

A

cholesterol crystals

80
Q

Yellow-brown spheres
Concentric circles and radial striations

A

leucine crystals

81
Q

Fine colorless to yellow needles
Clusters or rosettes

A

tyrosine crystals

82
Q

Clumped needles/granules with amber color

A

bilirubin crystals

83
Q

Elongated prisms or plates
Blunt point on one end

A

hippuric acid crystals

Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study (9 decks)

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