Urinalysis Flashcards by Samantha Boyer

proteinuria
RBCs, RBC casts
1-2 weeks post infection

acute glomerulonephritis
S. pyogenes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cellular, waxy, broad casts
glycosuria

chronic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anti-glomerular basement membrane

Goodpasture’s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

Wegner’s granulomatosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

decrease in platelets
stool occult blood
RBC casts
children post viral infection

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

increased cellularity in the subendothelial cells of the mesangium (interstitial area of Bowman’s capsule)

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Immune IgA complexes deposited on the glomerular membrane
glycosuria, cellular, waxy and broad casts

IgA nephropathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heavy proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
RTEs, OFBs, fatty casts, waxy casts

nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin, analgesic abuse, and AIDS

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inherited sex-linked or autosomal genetic disorder of collagen production affecting the glomerular basement membrane

Alport’s syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Damage to the RTE cells produced by ischemia

acute tubular necrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

General failure of tubular reabsorption
possible cystine crystals

Fanconi’s syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

differentiates upper from lower UTI

WBC casts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

urine eosinophils, no bacteria, WBCs, WBC casts
skin rash

acute interstitial nephritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mousy odor to the urine
disrupts the normal pathway of phenylalanine to tyrosine

phenylketonuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inherited defect vs metabolic defect (tyrosine or leucine crystals)

tyrosyluria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dark urine
malignancy

melanuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reddish-stained disposable diapers
Brown pigment becomes deposited in the body tissues
Homogentisic acid accumulates

alkaptonuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

keto acids accumulate in the blood and urine

maple syrup urine disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“smelly feet” odor to urine

isovaleric acidemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blue diaper syndrome

indicanuria/Hartnup disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sulfur smell to urine and cystine crystals present

cystinuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mucopolysaccharide Disorders

Hurler syndrome
Hunter syndrome
Sanfilippo Syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

many uric acid crystals
sandy diaper
self-destruction

Lesch-Nyhan disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disorder of purine metabolism

Lesch-Nyhan disease

carbs in urine

melituria

pellicle formation in CSF

tubercular meningitis

CSF lactate >35

bacterial meningitis

CSF gluatmine >35

disturbance of consciousness

Increased IgG index

bands in CSF, not in serum MS

2 types of body fluid collections

transudate (clear) exudate (cloudy)

aligned with slow vibration; fast light is impeded, producing a yellow color (negative birefringence)

monosodium urate crystals

gout vs pseudogout crystals

gout: MSU pseudogout: CPPD

impede the slow light producing a blue color (positive birefringence)

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

yellow amniotic fluid

HDFN

green amniotic fluid

meconium

red-brown amniotic fluid

fetal death

used to determine if bilirubin is low enough for fetus to be safe

Lily graph

Reported in terms of multiples of the median (MoM)

AFP for neural tube defects

primary component of the surfactants

lecithin

When a L/S ratio is ------ at preterm delivery, baby is usually considered safe

>2.0

Shake test: Amniotic fluid is mixed with -------- and shaken for 15 seconds

95% ethanol

Densely packed layers of phospholipids that represent a storage form of pulmonary surfactant.

lamellar bodies

The number of ----------- counted in amniotic fluid correlates with the amount of phospholipid present in the fetal lungs.

lamellar bodies

distinguish between the presences of fetal blood or maternal blood in an infant’s stool or vomitus

APT test

hemocytometer count calculation

(avg # cells)(10)(dilution factor)/area counted, mm2

normal random urine pH

4.5-8.0

Occurs in vertical position, disappears in horizontal position

orthostatic proteinuria

principle of protein detection on urine strip

protein error of indicators

Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) Precipitation

urine protein confirmatory

renal threshold for glucose

160-180 mg/dL

causes false negatives on glucose, blood and bilirubin pads on urine stick

ascorbic acid

Copper Reduction Test (Clinitest/Benedict's Test)

urine glucose confirmatory

3 ketones

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (78%) Acetoacetic acid (20%) Acetone (2%)

acetest

urine ketones confirmatory

urine strip blood pad based on...

pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

Ictotest

urine bilirubin confirmatory

best urine collection for urobilinogen

2-4 pm

Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction

urine urobilinogen

Griess reaction

nitrites in urine

catalyzes the hydrolysis of an acid ester embedded on a pad

leukocyte esterase

SG not affected by radiographic dye

urine strip

at RT, urine should be examined before --- hours

Sternheimer-Malbin stain

Identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts in urine

0.5% Toluidine Blue stain

Differentiates WBCs and renal tubular epithelial cells in urine

does not stain with Oil Red O or Sudan III

cholesterol

Hansel stain

Identifies urinary eosinophils

lymphs in urine

renal graft rejection

RTE cells filled with absorbed lipids

oval fat bodies

major component of hyaline casts

uromodulin/Tamm-Horsfall protein

Represent extreme urinary stasis

waxy casts

Represent extreme urinary stasis and tubular distension

broad casts

normal crystals in acidic urine

amorphous urates uric acid acid urates sodium urates calcium oxalate

normal crystals in alkaline urine

amorphous phosphates triple phosphate calcium phosphate calcium carbonate ammonium biurate

coffin lid

triple phosphate

thorny apple

ammonium biurate

envelope crystal

calcium oxalate

hexagonal crystals

cystine

Rectangular plate with a notch in one or more corners

cholesterol crystals

Yellow-brown spheres Concentric circles and radial striations

leucine crystals

Fine colorless to yellow needles Clusters or rosettes

tyrosine crystals

Clumped needles/granules with amber color

bilirubin crystals

Elongated prisms or plates Blunt point on one end

hippuric acid crystals