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Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

pathogenic fungi that can be inhibited by a swab

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Aspergillus fumigatus
Rhizopus spp.

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2
Q

destroyed by grinding, must mince specimen

A

Mucormycetes

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3
Q

inhibits most rapidly growing contaminating environmental molds

A

Cycloheximide

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4
Q

Used for subculture and maintenance of a wide variety of fungi

A

SAB
BHI

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5
Q

Must overlay SAB with olive oil to recover…

A

Malassezia furfur

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6
Q

Used for recovery of fungi such as C. neoformans from contaminated specimens

A

BHI with C and G

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7
Q

Contains chloramphenicol to inhibit bacteria and allow mold to grow

A

IMA

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8
Q

Dermatophytes turn agar from pink to red

A

DTM (dermatophyte test medium)

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9
Q

Used to isolate Mycobacteria and Nocardia spp. from specimens with mixed flora

A

7H11

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10
Q

Stimulates reproductive structures, spore production and colony pigmentation
Used for subculture of molds

A

Potato flake agar

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11
Q

Promotes hyphal and blastoconidia formation
Observe pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia formation by C. albicans

A

cornmeal agar

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12
Q

Digests keratin
Clears the tissue to allow fungal elements to be more visible

A

KOH prep

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13
Q

Use to view the polysaccharide capsule of yeast especially Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF

A

India ink prep

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14
Q

stain used to visualize Histoplasma inside macrophages

A

Giemsa/Wright

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15
Q

partially acid fast with the modified Kinyoun method

A

Nocardia spp.

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16
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

mold phase at 30˚C and yeast phase at 35˚C (in body)

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17
Q

Black, gray, dark green or brown colored surface and reverse

A

dematiaceous molds

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18
Q

Lactophenol cotton/aniline blue (LPCB or LPAB)

A

wet tease mount or scotch tape mount for molds

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19
Q

direct detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in body fluids such as CSF

A

cryptococcal antigen test

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20
Q

saprophytic fungi

A

opportunistic

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21
Q

creates a powerful carcinogenic mycotoxin in stored peanuts and grains

A

Aspergillus flavus

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22
Q

Hyphae are usually irregular and haphazardly arranged with 45° angled branching

A

Aspergillus

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23
Q

black mold, yellow reverse
entire vesicle covered with conidia

A

A. niger

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24
Q

uncontrolled DM
invades and clots blood vessels
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

A

Mucormycetes

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25
Q

Called “lid lifters”
rapid growth

A

Mucormycetes

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26
Q

Rhizoids at base of sporangiophore(s)

A

Rhizopus

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27
Q

No rhizoids
Aseptate hyphae

A

Mucor

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28
Q

Rhizoids are located between the sporangiophores (internodal) rather than directly under them

A

Lichtheimia (Absidia)

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29
Q

Entire structure looks like a makeup brush or straw broom

A

Penicillium

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30
Q

Phialides look like a bowling pin and tend to bend away from the conidiophore

A

Paecilomyces

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31
Q

large thick walled conidiospores in chains
2-3 times larger than those of Penicillium and Paecilomyces
Lemon shaped with a flat base

A

Scopulariopsis

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32
Q

Surface is cottony to woolly and appears white to a distinctive pink or lavender center

A

Fusarium

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33
Q

macroconidia are long, sickle or canoe/banana shaped and multicelled

A

Fusarium

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34
Q

Swollen fungal tumor-like lesions that are grotesque and disfiguring

A

Acremonium

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35
Q

Conidia are elongated
Arranged in a loose crisscross or diphtheroid pattern

A

Acremonium

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36
Q

Survives in the feces of birds (pigeons, chickens, turkeys) and contaminated soil
Prefers the CNS

A

C. neoformans

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37
Q

In tissue, the organism tends to look like soap bubbles due to its large capsule
Prone to masses in lung and brain

A

C. gattii

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38
Q

very mucoid fungus

A

C. neoformans

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39
Q

black with Niger seed agar or caffeic acid disk due to phenoloxidase

A

C. neoformans

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40
Q

PRO +
MUGAL +

A

C. albicans
C. dubliniensis

41
Q

Associated with recurrent oral candidiasis in HIV patients
Develops resistance to fluconazole

A

C. dubliniensis

42
Q

2nd most common cause of fungal UTI

A

C. glabrata (now Nakaseomyces)

43
Q

Innately resistant to fluconazole

A

C. krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii)

44
Q

Can observe in bathrooms on shower curtains, tub grout, toothbrushes, toilet — pink film

A

Rhodotorula

45
Q

Common baker’s or brewer’s yeast

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

46
Q

True hyphae that segments into rectangular arthroconidia
No pseudohyphae
No blastoconidia

A

Geotrichum spp. (Magnusiomyces spp.)

47
Q

Chronic infection with development of warty nodules, tumor-like masses and cauliflower-like lesions containing sclerotic bodies

A

Chromoblastomycosis

48
Q

Brown and round with a single septum
Look like copper pennies

A

Sclerotic bodies
Chromoblastomycosis

49
Q

Chronic infection with subcutaneous tumor-like lesions that produce pus through draining sinuses
Fungal granules in the pus

A

Mycetoma

50
Q

Infection involving granulomas and multiple abscesses
No sclerotic bodies

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

51
Q

The branch bearing the chain of conidia can look like a medieval knight’s shield

A

Cladosporium

52
Q

Can have horizontal and longitudinal septations
Hopscotch pattern

A

Alternaria

53
Q

Elongated conidiophores look like peas in a pod
Zig-zag appearance (bipolar – back and forth)

A

Bipolaris

54
Q

Conidia are large with 4-5 cells with thin cell wall
Appear curved due to swelling of center cell
Croissant

A

Curvularia

55
Q

Conidiophores (actually are called annellophores) produce a ring (annelid) every time it releases a conidium
May look like sperm

A

Scedosporium apiospermum/boydii

56
Q

Round to oval conidia accumulate in a mass
at the top of the phialades
Look like a vase of flowers

A

Phialophora verrucosa

57
Q

Numerous annellides (conidiophores)
Slender, tubular, sometimes branched and taper to a narrow, elongated tip (duck bill)

A

Exophiala jeanselmei

58
Q

Difficult to differentiate from Exophiala jeanselmei
Round to oval conidia accumulate at the apex of the phialide and down the sides of the conidiophore

A

Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis

59
Q

Most common cause of chromoblastomycosis in the world

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

60
Q

Four types of conidia formation are possible
Can see anywhere from 1 to all 4 microscopic morphologies

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

61
Q

Associated with sick building syndrome (black mold)

A

Stachybotrys chartarum

62
Q

Clusters of 3 to 10 black phialides

A

Stachybotrys chartarum

63
Q

achlorophyllous algae
Sporangia with sporangiospores (endospores)
No budding and no hyphae

A

Prototheca

64
Q

Causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Foamy exudate in alveolar spaces
Occurs in AIDS pts

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

65
Q

Usually look for cyst rather than trophozoite
Cyst looks like a collapsed basketball

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

66
Q

cave disease, spelunker’s disease

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

67
Q

May see yeast cells in neutrophil cytoplasm of peripheral blood smears (Giemsa or Wright stain)

A

Histoplasma

68
Q

Macroconidia look like spiky sweet gum seeds from the sweet gum tree

A

Histoplasma

69
Q

Can be easily confused with Histoplasma capsulatum
Does not have a yeast phase (no dimorphism)

A

Sepedonium

70
Q

Found in soil, the woods and in areas near water
Any activity associated with aerosolization of soil or wood

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

71
Q

Production of numerous skin and mucous membrane lesions that can resemble cancer
DM is a risk factor

A

Blastomyces

72
Q

Broad based bud
Conidia resemble lollipops

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

73
Q

San Joaquin valley fever, desert rheumatism, Posada’s diseass

A

Coccidioides immitis

74
Q

Occupational hazards with aerosols (desert windstorms) and working in dirt

A

Coccidioides immitis

75
Q

The most infectious of all dimorphic fungi to handle in the clinical lab

A

Coccidioides immitis

76
Q

Large arthroconidia form from the hyphae
Alternates the spores with dead space called a disjunctor cell

A

Coccidioides immitis

77
Q

Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the organism’s ability to convert from a mold to the yeast form in the body

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

78
Q

Characteristically exhibit peripheral budding
Looks like a ship’s steering wheel or pilot’s wheel

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

79
Q

rose gardener’s disease
Yeast spindle or cigar-shaped
Top of conidiophore had a rosette-like (flower-like) cluster of small teardrop shaped conidia

A

Sporothrix schenckii

80
Q

Acne-like skin papules on face, trunk, and extremities during disease process
Usually fatal

A

Penicillium marneffei

81
Q

Produces a deep red soluble pigment that diffuses into medium after 3-7 days
Best observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA)

A

Penicillium marneffei

82
Q

Causes tinea (pityriasis) versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

83
Q

Causes white piedra of facial, axillary and genital hairs

A

Trichosporon

84
Q

Causes black piedra

A

Piedraia hortae

85
Q

Causes tinea nigra

A

Hortaea werneckii

86
Q

fungi resembling spaghetti & meatballs

A

M. furfur

87
Q

Collectively cause “ringworm”

A

dermatophytes

88
Q

infects hair, nails and skin

A

Trichophyton

89
Q

Comb-like or antler (pectinate) hyphae can be present

A

Microsporum audouinii

90
Q

Ringworm usually acquired from infected dogs or cats

A

Microsporum canis

91
Q

Long, multiseptate (usually more than 6), spindle shaped macroconidia
Tapers like a dog’s snout with whiskers

A

Microsporum canis

92
Q

Pencil to cigar shaped macroconidia
Microconidia predominate
Hair, skin and nails

A

Trichophyton

93
Q

Common cause of athlete’s foot

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

94
Q

Reverse has a wine-red pigment that diffuses into the agar
Most common dermatophyte

A

Trichophyton rubrum

95
Q

Predominantly single tear-shaped microconidia arranged on all sides of the hyphae
Rare macroconidia (baseball bats)

A

Trichophyton rubrum

96
Q

Produces only large, multi-septate, smooth walled and club shaped (beaver tail) macroconidia

A

Epidermophyton

97
Q

dermatophytes that fluoresce under UV light

A

M. canis
M. audouinii

98
Q

Branching gram positive rod
Branches at right angles
Catalase +

A

Streptomyces

Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study (9 decks)

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