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Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

soluble antigen + antibody
crosslinking causes positive

A

precipitation assay

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2
Q

insoluble antigen + antibody
clumping causes positive

A

agglutination assay

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3
Q

2 types of agglutination assay

A
  • direct: antigen is insoluble
  • indirect: soluble antigen is attached to a particle, like a latex bead
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4
Q

explain double diffusion method

A

AKA immunodiffusion
antigen and antibody migrate toward one another in gel

lines meet perfectly: identity, +
one line is longer: partial identity, =
lines cross: nonidentity, =

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5
Q

prozone

A

antibody excess
false =

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6
Q

postzone

A

antigen excess
false =

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7
Q

positive vs negative on complement fixation assay

A

positive: no hemolysis; C’ is bound to patient’s Ag-Ab complexes
negative: hemolysis; C’ is not bound

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8
Q

IgM anti-IgG

A

rheumatoid factor

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9
Q

disguises an IgG as an IgM

A

rheumatoid factor

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10
Q

high RF titer

A

SLE
RA

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11
Q

low RF titer

A

syphilis
hepatitis
elderly

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12
Q

explain nephelometry

A

precipitation test read by spectrophotometer

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13
Q

4 stages of syphilis

A

primary: lesion
secondary: rash
latent: no sx
tertiary: systemic involement; neurosyphilis

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14
Q

nontreponemal tests
detect what?

A

RPR & VDRL
screening
detects anti-cardiolipin reagin Ab

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15
Q

treponemal tests

A

IFA, TPA
confirmatory
organism is the Ag

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16
Q

flocculation test

A

RPR

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17
Q

anti-cardiolipin

A

positive in syphilis patients

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18
Q

when are RPR and VDRL positive?

A

1° and 2°syphilis

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19
Q

when are treponemal tests positive?

A

any stage of syphilis

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20
Q

looks for neurosyphilis in the secondary stage
done on CSF

A

VDRL

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21
Q

false + RPR test

A

malaria
mono
SLE
other autoimmune

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22
Q

cells used to test for anti-I/i

A

adult and cord O cells, washed and kept warm

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23
Q

neutralization test that may help dx Strep group A or sequelae

A

ASO
(streptolysin O)

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24
Q

Coomassie stain

A

CSF protein electrophoresis

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25
Q

prealbumin band

A

shows up in CSF

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26
Q

CSF index & normal

A

index = (CSF IgG/CSF alb)/(serum IgG/serum alb)

normal —<0.66

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27
Q

elevated CSF index

A

MS
syphilis, other diseases causing CNS IgG production

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28
Q

uses specific anti-sera to ID monoclonal & BJ proteins

A

immunofixation

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29
Q

Hep2

A

ANA substrate

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30
Q

ANA homogeneous pattern

A

SLE
reflex to nDNA

31
Q

nDNA +
organism

A

Crithidia lucillae
kinetoplast fluorescence
SLE

32
Q

anti-ssDNA +

A

drug-induced lupus

33
Q

ANA rim pattern

A

SLE

34
Q

ANA speckled pattern

A

reflex to ENA

35
Q

ENA Smith +

A

SLE

36
Q

ENA RNP +

A

SLE, MCTD

37
Q

ENA SSA/SSB +

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

38
Q

ANA centromere pattern

A

CREST syndrome

39
Q

ANA nucleolar pattern

A

PSS or SLE

40
Q

MSK
renal tubules & parietal cells

A

AMA
primary biliary cirrhosis

41
Q

MSK
stomach muscle & blood vessel walls

A

ASMA
chronic active hepatitis

42
Q

MSK
Parietal cells

A

APCA
pernicious anemia

43
Q

C-ANCA and P-ANCA

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis
systemic vasculitis

44
Q

ACh receptor antibody

A

myasthenia gravis

45
Q

thyroglobulin Ab

A

Hashimoto’s

46
Q

purpose of direct IFA

A

look for immune complexes in patient tissue

47
Q

HBV decreased infectious state

A

HBeAb +

48
Q

RIBA method

A

HCV IgG

49
Q

used most frequently to screen for HIV

A

HIV1/2Ab + p24 Ag test

50
Q

2/3 antigens that need to be + on Western blot for HIV confirmation

A

p24
gp41
gp120/160

51
Q

earliest HIV marker

A

HIV p24 test

52
Q

used to monitor HIV patients

A
  • HIV RNA - viral load
  • HIV genotyping - mutations
  • CD4/CD8 ratio
52
Q

CD4 count indicating AIDS

A

<400

53
Q

HAART

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy
for HIV

54
Q

low MW particle requiring a carrier for immunogenicity

A

hapten

55
Q

most reliable test for Lyme

A

Western blot

56
Q

first Ab on surface of new B-cells

A

IgD

57
Q

CD38

A

plasma cell marker

58
Q

causes class switching

A

CD40 (B) + CD40 ligand (T)

59
Q

need presentation on MHC II

A

CD4

60
Q

need presentation on MHC I

A

CD8

61
Q

deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor

A

hereditary angioedema (HANE)

62
Q

measures complement activity, not concentration

A

CH50 test

63
Q

C’ proteins are ——– labile

A

heat
freeze serum immediately for C’ testing

64
Q

IgE hypersensitivity
allergies
histamine

A

type I

65
Q

complement hypersensitivity
transfusion rxn

A

type II

66
Q

ag-ab complex hypersensitivity
Arthus rxn

A

Type III

67
Q

delayed hypersensitivity
T-cell mediated

A

type IV

68
Q

IgG deficiency
no mature B-cells

A

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

69
Q

no/few T-cells due to failure of thymus to develop

A

DiGeorge syndrome

70
Q

low IgM
males
thrombocytopenia, small plts

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

71
Q

low level of lysosomal enzymes
partial albinism
giant cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Chediak-Higashi

72
Q

G6PD deficiency
MPO and ALP ↓ in neutrophils

A

chronic granulomatous disease

Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study (9 decks)

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