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Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

MCH =

A

10(hgb/rbc)

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2
Q

MCHC =

A

100(hgb/hct)

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3
Q

MCV =

A

10(hct/rbc)

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4
Q

normal wbc

A

5-10 x 10^3

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5
Q

normal rbc

A

male: 4-5 x 10^6
female: 3-4 x 10^6

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6
Q

normal hgb

A

male: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dL
female: 12 - 15.5 g/dL

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7
Q

normal hct

A

male: 40-55%
female: 36-48%

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8
Q

normal MCV

A

80-100

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9
Q

normal MCH

A

27-31

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10
Q

normal MCHC

A

32-36%
>= 40% is impossible

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11
Q

normal rdw

A

11-15%

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12
Q

normal plt

A

150-400 x 10^3

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13
Q

falsely increased hgb

A

turbidity in channel
↑↑ wbc
icterus
lipemia

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14
Q

effects of ↑↑ lymphs on indices

A

falsely ↑ rbc and therefore hct, MCV, RDW

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15
Q

iron profile in IDA

A

↓ ferritin
↓ serum FE
↓ % saturation
↑ transferrin
↑ TIBC

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16
Q

↑ rbc + ↓ H&H

A

sign of thalassemia

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17
Q

MCV in the 50s/60s

A

sign of thalassemia

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18
Q

3 reasons for target cells

A

thalassemia
hemoglobinopathy
liver disease

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19
Q

many targets
poik
↓↓ hgb A
↑ hgb F, A2
↓↓ H&H

A

Beta thal major

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20
Q

few targets
slightly ↓ hgb A
↑ hgb A2
↓ or N H&H

A

Beta thal minor

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21
Q

anemia prevalent in Mediterranean pop

A

thalassemia

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22
Q

— genes control beta chain genes
— genes control alpha chain genes

A

2
4

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23
Q

no alpha chains
Hgb Barts

A

hydrops fetalis

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24
Q

4 𝛄 chains hook together

A

hgb Bart

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25
Q

4 𝛅 chains hook together

A

hgb H

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26
Q

alpha + delta chains

A

hgb A2

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27
Q

alpha + gamma chains

A

hgb F

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28
Q

globin precipitates associated with hgb H

A

Heinz bodies

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29
Q

A2 cannot help to compensate in ——– thal

A

beta/delta

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30
Q

beta + delta fusion gene

A

Hgb Lepore

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31
Q

↑ retics
RPI >3
schistocytes
↓ H&H

A

hemolytic anemia

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32
Q

hemolytic anemia chemistry results

A

hemolysis
hemoglobinuria
↑ bilirubin
↑ LDH
↓ haptoglobin
↑ urobilinogen

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33
Q

sodium dithionite
sodium metabisulfite

A

sickle solubility reagents

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34
Q

alkaline hgb electrophoresis pattern

A

+
A
F
S D G L
C E O A2
=

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35
Q

acid hgb electrophoresis pattern

A

+
C
S
A
F
=

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36
Q

Cooley’s anemia

A

Beta thal major

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37
Q

Ab causing pernicious anemia

A

anti-IF
anti-parietal cell

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38
Q

Schilling’s test

A

for missing intrinsic factor

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39
Q

CNS sx only occur in ——- deficiency as a cause of anemia

A

B12
(not folate)

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40
Q

Dx hereditary spherocytosis

A

osmotic fragility ↑

41
Q

defect in this membrane protein responsible for hereditary spherocytosis, ovalocytosis, etc

A

spectrin

42
Q

tx for hereditary spherocytosis

A

splenectomy
cells are lysing mainly in the splenic environment

43
Q

in EBV, we see ——- cells as reactive/atypical on the smear

A

T-cells
responding to the infection of B-cells

44
Q

detects heterophile antibody

A

rapid monotest

45
Q

rapid mono = reflex

A

EBV serology

46
Q

lymphocytosis + smudge cells

A

CLL

47
Q

CLL is usually a —– cell leukemia

A

B

48
Q

CD19
CD20
CD21
CD5

A

CLL
B-cell leukemia; CD5 indicates malignancy

49
Q

complications of CLL

A

infections
hypogammaglobulinemia
AIHA
blast crisis → ALL or AML

50
Q

ZAP70

A

poor prognosis

51
Q

TRAP stain

A

Hairy cell lymphoma

52
Q

dry tap

A

myelofibrosis
hairy cell

53
Q

CD11c
CD103

A

hairy cell

54
Q

starry sky, vacuolated lymphs
endemic in Africa
jaw masses

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

55
Q

CD10 in ALL

A

CALLA
good prognosis

56
Q

only seen in myeloid leukemia

A

auer rods

57
Q

leukoerythroblastosis

A

CML
myelofibrosis

58
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

59
Q

t9;22

A

CML
(Philadelpha - BCR/ABL)

60
Q

LAP stain

A

↑ in infection
↓ in CML
normal in myelofibrosis

61
Q

left shift
no ↑ in eos and basos
hypocellular BM
EMH

A

myelofibrosis

62
Q

reticulin stain

A

myelofibrosis

63
Q

↑ promyelocytes
double nuclei in pros

A

APML

64
Q

bundles of auer rods

A

APML

65
Q

t15;17

A

RARA
APML

66
Q

emergent situation due to potential for DIC
treat with retinoic acid

A

APML

67
Q

childhood leukemia

A

ALL

68
Q

TdT +

A

population of young lymphs; lymphocytic leukemia

69
Q

PAS +

A

T-cells & young erythroids

70
Q

monitor ALL children for…

A

involvement of CNS

71
Q

CD45

A

pan-leukocyte marker

72
Q

CD34

A

blast marker

73
Q

MCHC >40%
↑ MCV
↓ rbc
accurate hgb

A

cold agglutinin

74
Q

causes anti-i cold agglutinin

A

EBV

75
Q

causes anti-I cold agglutinin

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

76
Q

MPNs

A
  • CML
  • polycythemia vera
  • essential thrombocytosis
  • myelofibrosis
77
Q

JAK2
↓ EPO

A

PV

78
Q

hypoxia
↑ EPO

A

secondary polycythemia

79
Q

↓ plasma volume
↑ hct

A

relative polycythemia

80
Q

both an MDS and an MPN

A

CMML

81
Q

pancytopenia
hypercellular BM

A

myelodysplastic syndromes

82
Q

↑ lysozyme
tissue/gum involvement

A

CMML

83
Q

microcytic anemias

A
  • IDA
  • ACD
  • thalassemia
  • sideroblastic
84
Q

lead poisoning or porphyria cause ———- anemia

A

sideroblastic

85
Q

normocytic anemias

A

hemolytic
aplastic

86
Q

mechanical hemolytic anemia as RBCs pass through small clots

A

DIC
HUS
TTP

87
Q

macrocytic anemias

A

pernicious
folic acid def
myelodysplasia
liver disease/alcoholism
aplastic (some)

88
Q

mechanisms of ACD

A
  • increased hepcidin blocks release of Fe
  • cytokines inhibit EPO
  • cytokines inhibit erythropoiesis
  • shortened RBC survival (overactive macros)
89
Q

age 20-50
hemolytic anemia
renal dysfunction
thrombocytopenia
severe CNS sx
fever

A

TTP

90
Q

age <5
hemolytic anemia
acute renal failure
thrombocytopenia
mild CNS sx

A

HUS

91
Q

generates ATP

A

EM pathway

92
Q

protects rbc from oxidative damage by glutathione reduction and NADPH production

A

hexose monophosphate pathway
(PPP)

93
Q

keeps Fe in 2+ (ferrous) state

A

methemoglobin reductase pathway

94
Q

methemoglobin

A

has Fe3+ (ferric)

95
Q

generates 2,3-DPG

A

Rapoport-Luebering shunt

96
Q

replaces O2 when hgb releases it

A

2,3-DPG

97
Q

O2 curve shift to the left

A

LUNG environment
↑ pH
↓ pCO2
↓ 2,3-DPG
increased affinity for O2

98
Q

O2 curve shift to the right

A

MUSCLE environment
↓ pH
↑ pCO2
↑ 2,3-DPG
decreased affinity for O2

99
Q

del(5q)

A

good prognosis for MDS

Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study (9 decks)

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