Microbiology Flashcards by Samantha Boyer

VP +

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia
Pantoea

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VP +
Motility =

Klebsiella

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Indole + Klebsiella

K. oxytoca

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VP +
Motility =
ALO =/+/+
LF

Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes

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VP +
Motility =
ALO =/+/+
NLF

S. marcescens

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Proteus vs Morganella & Providencia

Proteus H2S +

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Indole + Proteus

P. vulgaris

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Morganella vs Providencia

Providencia citrate +

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Urea + Providencia

P. rettgeri

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H2S +
Lysine =
ONPG +

Citrobacter freundii

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H2S +
Lysine +
ONPG =

Salmonella enterica typhi

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E. coli vs C. koseri

C. koseri citrate +

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Motility =
Urea +
ONPG +

Yersinia

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Motility =
Urea =
ONPG =

Shigella

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dead flies on boy scouts

Shigella serotypes
A B C D

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sticky NURF

Rothia

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GPC in tetrads

Micrococcus
Rothia

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tolerate up to 10% salt

Staphylococcus

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Binds the Fc of IgG
prevents phagocytosis

Protein A

Staphylococcus

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Stimulate T cells to produce a large burst of cytokines leading to an overwhelming inflammatory response

superantigens
Staphylococcus

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Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)

MRSA

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Bound, also known as clumping factor
Free, secreted extracellular

coagulase
S. aureus

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slide coagulase false +

S. lugdunensis

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tube coagulase false +

S. intermedius

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dog staph

S. intermedius

Detects (1) bound coagulase and (2) protein A

Staphaurex

fermentation of mannitol (yellow)

S. aureus

UTI staph

S. saprophyticus

bright white organism from urine

S. saprophyticus

novobiocin R

S. saprophyticus

modified oxidase 6% oxidase reagent in DMSO

Micrococcus

Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine

oxidase

cytochrome c oxidases

Micrococcus

May confuse with a yellow pigmented S. aureus, but it is a much brighter yellow.

M. luteus

Staph double zone hemolysis (possible)

S. intermedius

PYR = Staph

S. aureus

mecA

PBP2a MRSA

erm

inducible clindamycin resistance

pseudocatalase

Enterococcus

L-pyroglutamic acid beta-naphthylamide

PYR

autolyse without CO2

S. pneumoniae N. gonorrhoeae

pyridoxal (B6) required

Abiotrophia

only beta strep tested

Lancefield antigens - Strep latex

oxygen labile streptolysin

pyrogenic exotoxin

S. pyogenes scarlet fever

M protein

S. pyogenes

bacitracin S

S. pyogenes

PYR + beta strep

S. pyogenes

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) Acute rheumatic fever (ARF)

S. pyogenes sequelae

Dishwater pus and lack of active bleeding (vessels are dead)

S. pyogenes necrotizing fasciitis

screen pregnant women at 35-37 weeks

Group B Strep

carrot broth

Group B strep screening

Group B vs Listeria

Listeria: motility + catalase + GPR

hippurate +

Group B strep Listeria

butterscotch, caramel or honeysuckle odor

S. anginosus S. intermedius S. constellatus

BE+/6.5% salt + ESC/PYR/LAP +/+/+

Enterococcus

bacteremia indicates colon cancer

S. gallolyticus C. septicum

nonmotile VRE

E. faecalis E. faecium

HLAR

Enterococcus

Amp R

E. faecium

vanA

VRE

teicoplanin R

VRE

yellow VRE

E. casseliflavus

vaxx does not work on those <2 yo

S. pneumoniae

Strep without Lancefield antigen

S. pneumoniae Strep Viridans

optochin S

S. pneumoniae

ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride

optochin

use MIC method for Strep...

S. pneumoniae

Most cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis

Strep Viridans

satellite around S. aureus

Abiotrophia Haemophilus Prevotella (vitamin K)

intrinsically vanc R GPC

Leuconostoc Pediococcus E. casseliflavus & gallinarum

Pediococcus vs VRE

Pediococcus PYR =

GPCCL gray catalse = UTI

Aerococcus urinae

test for susceptibility to vancomycin, high level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin

synergy quad VRE

hemin NAD

X V

delta-aminolevulinic acid

ALA "para"s are +

ALA + means...

makes factor X

Epiglottitis

H. influenzae

does NOT cause pharyngitis

H. influenzae

Conjunctivitis and Brazilian purpuric fever

H. aegyptius

School of fish Railroad tracks Fingerprint pattern

H. ducreyi

soft chancre

H. ducreyi

Requires X factor only on initial isolation Mis-ID as H. parainfluenzae

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

tongue piercings

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

Neisseria

Antigenic variations in pili prevent production of a vaccine

N. gonorrhoeae

CTA glucose +

N. gonorrhoeae

Purulent or septic arthritis of joints from STI

N. gonorrhoeae

SPS is inhibitory

N. gonorrhoeae G. vaginalis Streptobacillus moniliformis Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

Capsule consists of sialic acid which is not immunogenic in humans

N. meningitidis serotype B

As this organism grows it releases “blebs” or pieces of its cell wall

N. meningitidis

CTA glucose + maltose +

N. meningitidis

meningococcemia fulminant meningococcal shock

N. meningitidis

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Bilateral hemorrhage of the adrenal glands N. meningitidis

recognized as human brain tissue separate vaccine

N. meningitidis serotype B

colistin S ng on TM

N. cinerea

CTA glucose + maltose + lactose +

N. lactamica

CTA glucose + maltose + sucrose +

N. mucosa N. sicca

Can appear to be glucose positive in some rapid enzyme identification systems

N. cinerea

otitis media beta lactamase hockey puck

M. catarrhalis

CTA asaccharolytic

M. catarrhalis

butyrate esterase +

M. catarrhalis

otitis media (3)

M. catarrhalis S. pneumoniae H. influenzae

Gram negative rods (GNR) Oxidase negative Glucose-fermenting Grow on MacConkey (MAC) Reduce nitrates to nitrites

Enterobacteriaceaea

Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia

Enterobacterales not part of NGIF

nonmotile Enterobacterales

Klebsiella spp. Shigella spp.

pathogens on XLD and HE

Shigella Salmonella

para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

indole reagent

para-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

indole reagent for anaerobes

Ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside

ONPG

substrate used for detecting galactosidase activity

ONPG

K1 (capsular) antigen is similar to N. meningitidis group B’s capsular antigen

E. coli

gray wet beta indole + PYR =

E. coli

non-sorbitol fermenter

E. coli O157:H7

bloody currant jelly sputum

K. pneumoniae

Strings > 5mm when touched

hypervirulent K. pneumoniae

Best induced by cefoxitin, imipenem and ampicillin

AmpC

Outbreaks due to contaminated powdered infant formula

Cronobacter sakazakii

LLF

S. marcescens C. koseri P. agglomerans

"ases" +

S. marcescens

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test Screen for endotoxin using horseshoe crab hemolymph

P. agglomerans

Causes 90% of infections due to Proteus spp

P. mirabilis

swarming

Proteus C. septicum C. tetani

Cell fails to divide Profusely covered with flagella

Proteus — swarming

inhibited on MAC due to bile salts

Proteus swarming

Enterobacterales kidney stones

Proteus

Vi (virulent) capsular antigen specific for...

S. enterica typhi

gray, flat, rhizoid spreads (not swarmer) double zone beta

C. perfringens

Must boil organism to remove capsule and retest for the somatic serotype

Salmonella enterica

Friends, flies, fingers, food, feces

Salmonella Shigella

hides in the gallbladder

S. enterica

safety pin - bipolar stain

Y. pestis

CIN (Cefsulodin, Irgasan, Novobiocin) agar at room temperature

Yersinia

bullseye colony

Yersinia

Raw pork products Chitterlings

Y. enterocolitica

mimics appendicitis infects Peyer's patches

Y. enterocolitica

Incubate at 42°C in a microaerophilic and capnophilic atmosphere

Campy BAP

metachromatic granules Loeffler's medium

C. diphtheriae

Cystine-tellurite or modified Tinsdale agar

C. diphtheriae black colony halo

ELEK test

C. diphtheriae toxin test

non-vaccinated individuals or those who have not kept up with booster immunizations

C. diphtheriae

pseudomembrane bull neck

C. diphtheriae

Alkaline-encrusted cystitis (AEC)

C. urealyticum

refrigerated foods

Listeria

endospores produced under aerobic conditions

Bacillus

boxy GPR gamma, tenacious nonmotile ng on PEA penicillin S

B. anthracis

eschar

B. anthracis

spontaneous tendon rupture

ciprofloxacin

Most often associated with consuming fried rice at Asian restaurants

B. cereus

green frosted glass appearance and feathery edges motile penicillin R

B. cereus

Blackening along the stab line

E. rhusiopathiae

culture a full thickness skin biopsy

E. rhusiopathiae

erysipeloid

E. rhusiopathiae

GPR intrinsically vancomycin R normal flora

Lactobacillus

mimics S. pyogenes Delicate, curved GPR

A. haemolyticum

molar tooth lumpy jaw sulfur granules

A. israelii

cervicofacial actinomycosis

A. israelii

Requires two tubes of each CHO being tested

Hugh-Leifson OF (oxidation/fermentation) medium

fluorescent pigment in Pseudomonas

pyoverdin

pigment that kills mammalian and bacterial cells

pyocyanin P. aeruginosa

alginate

capsule of mucoid P. aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa 42° (+/=)

lysine + nonfermenters

B. cepacia S. maltophilia

oxidizes lactose in MAC

A. baumanii B. cepacia

OFPBL agar BCSA

B. cepacia

S. maltophilia vs B. cepacia

B. cepacia oxidase +

drug of choice is SXT

B. cepacia S. maltophilia

melioidosis

B. pseudomallei

glanders

B. mallei

Oxidizes maltose rapidly and strongly

S. maltophilia

S. maltophilia vs A. baumannii

S. maltophilia motility + lysine +

sea water fishlike odor H2S +

S. putrefaciens

oxidase = nonfermenters

A. baumannii S. maltophilia

indole + nonfermenter

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Vibrio not requiring salt

V. cholerae

TCBS

Vibrio yellow — V. cholerae

eating seafood during summer months

V. parahaemolyticus

contaminated seafood liver dysfunction 90% of Vibrio deaths in US

V. vulnificus

leech gut diarrhea mimics cholera

A. hydrophila

leading cause of diarrhea worldwide zoonotic

C. jejuni

Most often recognized infection preceding the development of Guillain-Barré disease

C. jejuni

ammonia cloud urea + gull wings

H. pylori

CLO test

H. pylori

13C-labeled urea in water

H. pylori

cat + weakly ox + indole + penicillin S

P. multocida

Warthin-Starry silver stain

L. pneumophila

BCYE

L. pneumophila F. tularensis

Pontiac fever

L. pneumophila

HACEK endocarditis

Haemophilus Aggregatibacter Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella

lemon yellow bleach odor pitting

E. corrodens

human bite infections

E. corrodens

Media requires addition of charcoal or 15-25% blood

B. pertussis

toxin paralyzes cilia

B. pertussis

staccato cough lymphocytosis

whooping cough

Bordet-Gengou Reagan-Lowe

B. pertussis

kennel cough

Bordetella bronchiseptica

4-to-6-pointed star appearance in center of colony

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Rod may be teardrop, dumbbell or lollipop shaped

Cardiobacterium hominis

joint and bone infections in young children

K. kingae

GN fusiform rod dogs

Capnocytophagia

Long thin filaments with swellings along the organism rodents

Streptobacillus moniliformis

rat bite fever

Streptobacillus moniliformis

most frequent organism in lab acquired infections

Brucella

undulant fever

Brucella

blood or bone marrow Cateñeda bottle

Brucella

will grow on BCYE and TM

F. tularensis

unique black/purple colony on BAP almond smell

Chromobacterium violaceum

Cannot grow in culture Cannot be visualized on bright-field microscope with gram stain See with phase contrast or dark-field microscopy

T. pallidum

relapsing fever

Borrelia recurrentis

does not gram stain Dx with Wright/Giemsa

Borrelia

Lyme

Borrelia burgdorferi

cat scratch disease

Bartonella henselae

acridine orange dye

Bartonella henselae

4 major antibiotic targets

Cell wall synthesis Protein synthesis DNA replication and repair Folate coenzyme biosynthesis

Naturally produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

aztreonam (monobactam)

Broad spectrum against anaerobes

metronidazole

resistance mechanism susceptible to cephamycins, carbapenems

ESBL

resistance mechanism susceptible to aztreonam

metallo BL

resistance mechanism susceptible to carbapenems

ampC

inhibited by clavulinic acid

ESBL KPC

resistance mechanism inhibited by EDTA

metallo BL

KB McFarland standard

0.5

epsilometer

E test MIC method

cephalosporin in a disc to test for B-lactamase

nitrocefin

oxacillin used to screen for pen resistance

S. pneumoniae

Turns from white (reduced) to pink (with oxygen)

resazurin

no WBCs on gram stain destroyed by a toxin

C. perfringens

palladium chloride, L-cysteine HCL and dithiothreitol

reducible agars

BBE

B. fragilis Hydrolyzes esculin so area around colonies turn black

# [](http://) tri-gas anaerobic chamber

80-90% nitrogen, 5% hydrogen and 5-10% carbon dioxide

differentiate facultative anaerobes from obligate and aerotolerant anaerobes and microaerophilic organisms

aerotolerance

black on LKV

Prevotella Porphyromonas

brick red fluorescence

Prevotella Porphyromonas

chartreuse fluorescence

Fusobacterium C. difficile

kanamycin R colistin R vancomycin R

B. fragilis

stimulated by 20% bile

Bacteroides fragilis Fusobacterium mortiferum

myonecrosis requiring radical amputation

C. perfringens

spreading double zone beta

C. perfringens

swarming beta

C. tetani

pseudomembranous colitis

C. difficile

swarming medusa head

C. septicum

fatal infections after medical abortion

C. sordellii + C. perfringens

cystic acne

Cutibacterium acnes

dog bone GPR

Bifidobacterium

Vincent’s angina (trench mouth) Lemierre’s disease

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Rancid butter odor due to production of butyric acid

Fusobacterium

GNC in clusters periodontal infection

Veillonella parvula

Single most pathogenic anaerobic GPC

Finegoldia magna

Sweet odor due to production of isocaproic acid Susceptible to SPS (≥ 12 mm)

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

trachoma

chronic C. trachomatis eye infection

nongonococcal urethritis

C. trachomatis

Collect infected epithelial cells from genitourinary tract, urethra, or conjunctiva

C. trachomatis

intracellular poultry workers

Chlamydophila psittaci

intrinsically resistant to B-lactams because they lack its target

Mycoplasma Ureaplasma

walking pneumonia

M. pneumoniae

Media contains beef/soybean protein (sterols) SP4, Shepard 10B broth or 2SP

Mycoplasma Ureaplasma

bird's nest

Ureaplasma urealyticum

fried egg arginine +

Mycoplasma hominis

STI associatd with HIV

Mycoplasma genitalum

RMSF

R. rickettsii

centripedal rash

RMSF

morulae in WBCs

Ehrlichia Anaplasma

Q/query fever

Coxiella burnetii