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Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

VP +

A

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia
Pantoea

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2
Q

VP +
Motility =

A

Klebsiella

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3
Q

Indole + Klebsiella

A

K. oxytoca

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4
Q

VP +
Motility =
ALO =/+/+
LF

A

Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes

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5
Q

VP +
Motility =
ALO =/+/+
NLF

A

S. marcescens

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6
Q

Proteus vs Morganella & Providencia

A

Proteus H2S +

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7
Q

Indole + Proteus

A

P. vulgaris

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8
Q

Morganella vs Providencia

A

Providencia citrate +

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9
Q

Urea + Providencia

A

P. rettgeri

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10
Q

H2S +
Lysine =
ONPG +

A

Citrobacter freundii

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11
Q

H2S +
Lysine +
ONPG =

A

Salmonella enterica typhi

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12
Q

E. coli vs C. koseri

A

C. koseri citrate +

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13
Q

Motility =
Urea +
ONPG +

A

Yersinia

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14
Q

Motility =
Urea =
ONPG =

A

Shigella

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15
Q

dead flies on boy scouts

A

Shigella serotypes
A B C D

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16
Q

sticky NURF

A

Rothia

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17
Q

GPC in tetrads

A

Micrococcus
Rothia

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18
Q

tolerate up to 10% salt

A

Staphylococcus

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19
Q

Binds the Fc of IgG
prevents phagocytosis

A

Protein A

Staphylococcus

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20
Q

Stimulate T cells to produce a large burst of cytokines leading to an overwhelming inflammatory response

A

superantigens
Staphylococcus

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21
Q

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)

A

MRSA

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22
Q

Bound, also known as clumping factor
Free, secreted extracellular

A

coagulase
S. aureus

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23
Q

slide coagulase false +

A

S. lugdunensis

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24
Q

tube coagulase false +

A

S. intermedius

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25
Q

dog staph

A

S. intermedius

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26
Q

Detects (1) bound coagulase and (2) protein A

A

Staphaurex

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27
Q

fermentation of mannitol (yellow)

A

S. aureus

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28
Q

UTI staph

A

S. saprophyticus

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29
Q

bright white organism from urine

A

S. saprophyticus

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30
Q

novobiocin R

A

S. saprophyticus

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31
Q

modified oxidase
6% oxidase reagent in DMSO

A

Micrococcus

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32
Q

Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine

A

oxidase

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33
Q

cytochrome c oxidases

A

Micrococcus

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34
Q

May confuse with a yellow pigmented S. aureus, but it is a much brighter yellow.

A

M. luteus

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35
Q

Staph double zone hemolysis (possible)

A

S. intermedius

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36
Q

PYR = Staph

A

S. aureus

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37
Q

mecA

A

PBP2a
MRSA

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38
Q

erm

A

inducible clindamycin resistance

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39
Q

pseudocatalase

A

Enterococcus

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40
Q

L-pyroglutamic acid beta-naphthylamide

A

PYR

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41
Q

autolyse without CO2

A

S. pneumoniae
N. gonorrhoeae

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42
Q

pyridoxal (B6) required

A

Abiotrophia

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43
Q

only beta strep tested

A

Lancefield antigens - Strep latex

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44
Q

oxygen labile streptolysin

A

O

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45
Q

pyrogenic exotoxin

A

S. pyogenes
scarlet fever

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46
Q

M protein

A

S. pyogenes

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47
Q

bacitracin S

A

S. pyogenes

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48
Q

PYR + beta strep

A

S. pyogenes

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49
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF)

A

S. pyogenes sequelae

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50
Q

Dishwater pus and lack of active bleeding (vessels are dead)

A

S. pyogenes necrotizing fasciitis

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51
Q

screen pregnant women at 35-37 weeks

A

Group B Strep

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52
Q

carrot broth

A

Group B strep screening

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53
Q

Group B vs Listeria

A

Listeria:
motility +
catalase +
GPR

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54
Q

hippurate +

A

Group B strep
Listeria

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55
Q

butterscotch, caramel or honeysuckle odor

A

S. anginosus
S. intermedius
S. constellatus

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56
Q

BE+/6.5% salt +
ESC/PYR/LAP +/+/+

A

Enterococcus

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57
Q

bacteremia indicates colon cancer

A

S. gallolyticus
C. septicum

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58
Q

nonmotile VRE

A

E. faecalis
E. faecium

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59
Q

HLAR

A

Enterococcus

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60
Q

Amp R

A

E. faecium

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61
Q

vanA

A

VRE

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62
Q

teicoplanin R

A

VRE

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63
Q

yellow VRE

A

E. casseliflavus

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64
Q

vaxx does not work on those <2 yo

A

S. pneumoniae

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65
Q

Strep without Lancefield antigen

A

S. pneumoniae
Strep Viridans

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66
Q

optochin S

A

S. pneumoniae

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67
Q

ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride

A

optochin

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67
Q

use MIC method for Strep…

A

S. pneumoniae

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68
Q

Most cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep Viridans

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69
Q

satellite around S. aureus

A

Abiotrophia
Haemophilus
Prevotella (vitamin K)

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70
Q

intrinsically vanc R GPC

A

Leuconostoc
Pediococcus
E. casseliflavus & gallinarum

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71
Q

Pediococcus vs VRE

A

Pediococcus PYR =

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72
Q

GPCCL
gray
catalse =
UTI

A

Aerococcus urinae

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73
Q

test for susceptibility to vancomycin, high level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin

A

synergy quad
VRE

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74
Q

hemin
NAD

A

X
V

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75
Q

delta-aminolevulinic acid

A

ALA
“para”s are +

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76
Q

ALA + means…

A

makes factor X

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77
Q

Epiglottitis

A

H. influenzae

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78
Q

does NOT cause pharyngitis

A

H. influenzae

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79
Q

Conjunctivitis and Brazilian purpuric fever

A

H. aegyptius

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80
Q

School of fish
Railroad tracks
Fingerprint pattern

A

H. ducreyi

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81
Q

soft chancre

A

H. ducreyi

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82
Q

Requires X factor only on initial isolation
Mis-ID as H. parainfluenzae

A

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

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83
Q

tongue piercings

A

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

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84
Q

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

A

Neisseria

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85
Q

Antigenic variations in pili prevent production of a vaccine

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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86
Q

CTA glucose +

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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87
Q

Purulent or septic arthritis of joints from STI

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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88
Q

SPS is inhibitory

A

N. gonorrhoeae
G. vaginalis
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

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89
Q

Capsule consists of sialic acid which is not immunogenic in humans

A

N. meningitidis serotype B

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90
Q

As this organism grows it releases “blebs” or pieces of its cell wall

A

N. meningitidis

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91
Q

CTA
glucose +
maltose +

A

N. meningitidis

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92
Q

meningococcemia
fulminant meningococcal shock

A

N. meningitidis

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93
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Bilateral hemorrhage of the adrenal glands
N. meningitidis

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94
Q

recognized as human brain tissue
separate vaccine

A

N. meningitidis serotype B

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95
Q

colistin S
ng on TM

A

N. cinerea

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96
Q

CTA
glucose +
maltose +
lactose +

A

N. lactamica

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97
Q

CTA
glucose +
maltose +
sucrose +

A

N. mucosa
N. sicca

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98
Q

Can appear to be glucose positive in some rapid enzyme identification systems

A

N. cinerea

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99
Q

otitis media
beta lactamase
hockey puck

A

M. catarrhalis

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100
Q

CTA
asaccharolytic

A

M. catarrhalis

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101
Q

butyrate esterase +

A

M. catarrhalis

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102
Q

otitis media (3)

A

M. catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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103
Q

Gram negative rods (GNR)
Oxidase negative
Glucose-fermenting
Grow on MacConkey (MAC)
Reduce nitrates to nitrites

A

Enterobacteriaceaea

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104
Q

Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia

A

Enterobacterales not part of NGIF

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105
Q

nonmotile Enterobacterales

A

Klebsiella spp.
Shigella spp.

106
Q

pathogens on XLD and HE

A

Shigella
Salmonella

107
Q

para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

A

indole reagent

108
Q

para-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

A

indole reagent for anaerobes

109
Q

Ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside

A

ONPG

110
Q

substrate used for detecting galactosidase activity

A

ONPG

111
Q

K1 (capsular) antigen is similar to N. meningitidis group B’s capsular antigen

A

E. coli

112
Q

gray wet
beta
indole +
PYR =

A

E. coli

113
Q

non-sorbitol fermenter

A

E. coli O157:H7

114
Q

bloody currant jelly sputum

A

K. pneumoniae

115
Q

Strings > 5mm when touched

A

hypervirulent K. pneumoniae

116
Q

Best induced by cefoxitin, imipenem and ampicillin

A

AmpC

117
Q

Outbreaks due to contaminated powdered infant formula

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

118
Q

LLF

A

S. marcescens
C. koseri
P. agglomerans

119
Q

“ases” +

A

S. marcescens

120
Q

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test

Screen for endotoxin using horseshoe crab hemolymph

A

P. agglomerans

121
Q

Causes 90% of infections due to Proteus spp

A

P. mirabilis

122
Q

swarming

A

Proteus
C. septicum
C. tetani

123
Q

Cell fails to divide
Profusely covered with flagella

A

Proteus —swarming

124
Q

inhibited on MAC due to bile salts

A

Proteus swarming

125
Q
A
126
Q

Enterobacterales
kidney stones

A

Proteus

127
Q

Vi (virulent) capsular antigen specific for…

A

S. enterica typhi

127
Q

gray, flat, rhizoid
spreads (not swarmer)
double zone beta

A

C. perfringens

128
Q

Must boil organism to remove capsule and retest for the somatic serotype

A

Salmonella enterica

129
Q

Friends, flies, fingers, food, feces

A

Salmonella
Shigella

130
Q

hides in the gallbladder

A

S. enterica

131
Q

safety pin - bipolar stain

A

Y. pestis

132
Q

CIN (Cefsulodin, Irgasan, Novobiocin) agar at room temperature

A

Yersinia

133
Q

bullseye colony

A

Yersinia

134
Q

Raw pork products
Chitterlings

A

Y. enterocolitica

135
Q

mimics appendicitis
infects Peyer’s patches

A

Y. enterocolitica

136
Q

Incubate at 42°C in a microaerophilic and capnophilic atmosphere

A

Campy BAP

137
Q

metachromatic granules
Loeffler’s medium

A

C. diphtheriae

138
Q

Cystine-tellurite or modified Tinsdale agar

A

C. diphtheriae
black colony
halo

139
Q

ELEK test

A

C. diphtheriae toxin test

140
Q

non-vaccinated individuals or those who have not kept up with booster immunizations

A

C. diphtheriae

141
Q

pseudomembrane
bull neck

A

C. diphtheriae

142
Q

Alkaline-encrusted cystitis (AEC)

A

C. urealyticum

143
Q

refrigerated foods

A

Listeria

144
Q

endospores produced under aerobic conditions

A

Bacillus

145
Q

boxy GPR
gamma, tenacious
nonmotile
ng on PEA
penicillin S

A

B. anthracis

146
Q

eschar

A

B. anthracis

147
Q

spontaneous tendon rupture

A

ciprofloxacin

148
Q

Most often associated with consuming fried rice at Asian restaurants

A

B. cereus

149
Q

green frosted glass appearance and feathery edges
motile
penicillin R

A

B. cereus

150
Q

Blackening along the stab line

A

E. rhusiopathiae

151
Q

culture a full thickness skin biopsy

A

E. rhusiopathiae

152
Q

erysipeloid

A

E. rhusiopathiae

153
Q

GPR
intrinsically vancomycin R
normal flora

A

Lactobacillus

154
Q

mimics S. pyogenes
Delicate, curved GPR

A

A. haemolyticum

155
Q

molar tooth
lumpy jaw
sulfur granules

A

A. israelii

156
Q

cervicofacial actinomycosis

A

A. israelii

157
Q

Requires two tubes of each CHO being tested

A

Hugh-Leifson OF (oxidation/fermentation) medium

158
Q

fluorescent pigment in Pseudomonas

A

pyoverdin

159
Q

pigment that kills mammalian and bacterial cells

A

pyocyanin
P. aeruginosa

160
Q

alginate

A

capsule of mucoid P. aeruginosa

161
Q

P. aeruginosa 42° (+/=)

A

+

162
Q

lysine + nonfermenters

A

B. cepacia
S. maltophilia

163
Q

oxidizes lactose in MAC

A

A. baumanii
B. cepacia

164
Q

OFPBL agar
BCSA

A

B. cepacia

165
Q

S. maltophilia vs B. cepacia

A

B. cepacia oxidase +

166
Q

drug of choice is SXT

A

B. cepacia
S. maltophilia

167
Q

melioidosis

A

B. pseudomallei

168
Q

glanders

A

B. mallei

169
Q

Oxidizes maltose rapidly and strongly

A

S. maltophilia

170
Q

S. maltophilia vs A. baumannii

A

S. maltophilia
motility +
lysine +

171
Q

sea water
fishlike odor
H2S +

A

S. putrefaciens

172
Q

oxidase = nonfermenters

A

A. baumannii
S. maltophilia

173
Q

indole + nonfermenter

A

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

174
Q

Vibrio not requiring salt

A

V. cholerae

175
Q

TCBS

A

Vibrio
yellow —V. cholerae

176
Q

eating seafood during summer months

A

V. parahaemolyticus

177
Q

contaminated seafood
liver dysfunction
90% of Vibrio deaths in US

A

V. vulnificus

178
Q

leech gut
diarrhea mimics cholera

A

A. hydrophila

179
Q

leading cause of diarrhea worldwide
zoonotic

A

C. jejuni

180
Q

Most often recognized infection preceding the development of Guillain-Barré disease

A

C. jejuni

181
Q

ammonia cloud
urea +
gull wings

A

H. pylori

182
Q

CLO test

A

H. pylori

183
Q

13C-labeled urea in water

A

H. pylori

184
Q

cat +
weakly ox +
indole +
penicillin S

A

P. multocida

185
Q

Warthin-Starry silver stain

A

L. pneumophila

186
Q

BCYE

A

L. pneumophila
F. tularensis

187
Q

Pontiac fever

A

L. pneumophila

188
Q

HACEK
endocarditis

A

Haemophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella

189
Q

lemon yellow
bleach odor
pitting

A

E. corrodens

190
Q

human bite infections

A

E. corrodens

191
Q

Media requires addition of charcoal or 15-25% blood

A

B. pertussis

192
Q

toxin paralyzes cilia

A

B. pertussis

193
Q

staccato cough
lymphocytosis

A

whooping cough

194
Q

Bordet-Gengou
Reagan-Lowe

A

B. pertussis

195
Q

kennel cough

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

196
Q

4-to-6-pointed star appearance in center of colony

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

197
Q

Rod may be teardrop, dumbbell or lollipop shaped

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

198
Q

joint and bone infections in young children

A

K. kingae

199
Q

GN fusiform rod
dogs

A

Capnocytophagia

200
Q

Long thin filaments with swellings along the organism
rodents

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

201
Q

rat bite fever

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

202
Q

most frequent organism in lab acquired infections

A

Brucella

203
Q

undulant fever

A

Brucella

204
Q

blood or bone marrow
Cateñeda bottle

A

Brucella

205
Q

will grow on BCYE and TM

A

F. tularensis

206
Q

unique black/purple colony on BAP
almond smell

A

Chromobacterium violaceum

207
Q

Cannot grow in culture
Cannot be visualized on bright-field microscope with gram stain
See with phase contrast or dark-field microscopy

A

T. pallidum

208
Q

relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

209
Q

does not gram stain
Dx with Wright/Giemsa

A

Borrelia

210
Q

Lyme

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

211
Q

cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

212
Q

acridine orange dye

A

Bartonella henselae

213
Q

4 major antibiotic targets

A

Cell wall synthesis
Protein synthesis
DNA replication and repair
Folate coenzyme biosynthesis

214
Q

Naturally produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

A

aztreonam (monobactam)

215
Q

Broad spectrum against anaerobes

A

metronidazole

216
Q

resistance mechanism
susceptible to cephamycins, carbapenems

A

ESBL

217
Q

resistance mechanism
susceptible to aztreonam

A

metallo BL

218
Q

resistance mechanism
susceptible to carbapenems

A

ampC

219
Q

inhibited by clavulinic acid

A

ESBL
KPC

220
Q

resistance mechanism inhibited by EDTA

A

metallo BL

221
Q

KB McFarland standard

A

0.5

222
Q

epsilometer

A

E test
MIC method

223
Q

cephalosporin in a disc to test for B-lactamase

A

nitrocefin

224
Q

oxacillin used to screen for pen resistance

A

S. pneumoniae

225
Q

Turns from white (reduced) to pink (with oxygen)

A

resazurin

226
Q

no WBCs on gram stain
destroyed by a toxin

A

C. perfringens

227
Q

palladium chloride, L-cysteine HCL and dithiothreitol

A

reducible agars

228
Q

BBE

A

B. fragilis
Hydrolyzes esculin so area around colonies turn black

229
Q

tri-gas anaerobic chamber

A

80-90% nitrogen, 5% hydrogen and 5-10% carbon dioxide

230
Q

differentiate facultative anaerobes from obligate and aerotolerant anaerobes and microaerophilic organisms

A

aerotolerance

231
Q

black on LKV

A

Prevotella
Porphyromonas

232
Q

brick red fluorescence

A

Prevotella
Porphyromonas

233
Q

chartreuse fluorescence

A

Fusobacterium
C. difficile

234
Q

kanamycin R
colistin R
vancomycin R

A

B. fragilis

235
Q

stimulated by 20% bile

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Fusobacterium mortiferum

236
Q

myonecrosis requiring radical amputation

A

C. perfringens

237
Q

spreading
double zone beta

A

C. perfringens

238
Q

swarming
beta

A

C. tetani

239
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. difficile

240
Q

swarming
medusa head

A

C. septicum

241
Q

fatal infections after medical abortion

A

C. sordellii + C. perfringens

242
Q

cystic acne

A

Cutibacterium acnes

243
Q

dog bone GPR

A

Bifidobacterium

244
Q

Vincent’s angina (trench mouth)
Lemierre’s disease

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

245
Q

Rancid butter odor due to production of butyric acid

A

Fusobacterium

246
Q

GNC in clusters
periodontal infection

A

Veillonella parvula

247
Q

Single most pathogenic anaerobic GPC

A

Finegoldia magna

248
Q

Sweet odor due to production of isocaproic acid
Susceptible to SPS (≥ 12 mm)

A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

249
Q

trachoma

A

chronic C. trachomatis eye infection

250
Q

nongonococcal urethritis

A

C. trachomatis

251
Q

Collect infected epithelial cells from genitourinary tract, urethra, or conjunctiva

A

C. trachomatis

252
Q

intracellular
poultry workers

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

253
Q

intrinsically resistant to B-lactams because they lack its target

A

Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma

254
Q

walking pneumonia

A

M. pneumoniae

255
Q

Media contains beef/soybean protein (sterols)
SP4, Shepard 10B broth or 2SP

A

Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma

256
Q

bird’s nest

A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

257
Q

fried egg
arginine +

A

Mycoplasma hominis

258
Q

STI associatd with HIV

A

Mycoplasma genitalum

259
Q

RMSF

A

R. rickettsii

260
Q

centripedal rash

A

RMSF

261
Q

morulae in WBCs

A

Ehrlichia
Anaplasma

262
Q

Q/query fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study (9 decks)

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