Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Micro > URI > Flashcards

URI Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Respiratory disease

A 
Pt may say- I have a cold
congestion
cough
soar throat
runny nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does the dz last in children? in adults?

A

7-10 days in children

2-5 days in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Etiologic agents of acute respiratory dz

A

Rhinovirus, coronnavirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, conjuctivitia
LRI- pathogens
RSV, human metapneumovirus, influenza, human bocavirus, mycoplasma or chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complications of the common cold

A 
LOBES
L- LRI
O- Otitis media
B- bacterial super infection
E- exacterbations of existing conditions ie Asthma/ COPD
S- sinusitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of the common cold

A

presumptive cold but can do rapid test which is ELISA to look for RSV and influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of the common cold

A

generally nothing has been proven to work, honey
RSV- ribavirin
Influenza A- HA inhibitbors and NA inhbitors
Influenza A/B- NA ihibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prevention of the common cold, how do you prevent RSV and in who

A

isolation
hand washing
in the case of RSV w/ monoclonal Ab in high risk premies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epidemiology of the common cold

A

seasonal disease most often seen in children, direct contact or droplet spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pharyngitis=

A

strep throat, assoc with Mono

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

symptoms of strep throat

A 
soar throat
dysphagia
erythematous pharynx
LAD
fever
EXUDATE
if it is caused by GAS pt will have N/V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Etiology of Strep throat

A 
most common causes are viral
adenovirus- pink eye
EBV
GAS
HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complications of EBV

A

splenic rupture
nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese people
burkits lymphoma in african children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of EBV

A

mono spot test- heterophile test

atypical lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of EBV

A

steroids if if is inflammatory otherwise nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prevention of EBV

A

nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EBV epidemiology

A

mostly seen in pts 12-24 yrs old

frequently have concominant infection with GAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GAS complications

A

Rhematic fever
Scarlet fever
glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnosis of GAS

A

rapid strep test
ASO
scarlet fever and strawberry tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

treatment of GAS

A

10 day course of PCN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prevention of GAS

A

tonsilectomy

check others in the household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

epidemiology of GAS

A

6-12, children can be asymptomatic carriers and only 1/3 of the cases have exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Otitis media=

A

ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Otitis media- pathology

A

tube blockage (virus) with a superimposed nasopharyngeal infection –> pressure –> pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Otitis media- symptoms

A

otalgia, URI, fever, decreased hearing, drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
appearance of TM in OM
bulging red loose land marks Blebs on the TM indicate a viral infection
26
OM etiology- acute
sterile strep penumonia H.influenza- non typeable moraxella catarrhalis
27
OM etiology- chronic
pseudomonas, staphlycoccocus, anaerobes
28
OM complications
learning disability, hearing loss, meningitis, mastoiditis, serous otitis, perforation of TM
29
OM dx
presumptive diagnosis typanocentesis- in newborns and with chronic infection Myringotomy- ear tube
30
OM tx
amoxicillin w/ w/o clavulonic acid cephlasporins TMP- SMX myringotomy relieve the pressure and may prevent perforation
31
OM prevention
vaccination allergy tx= edema and blockage of eustashian tubes remove the tonsils and the adenoids
32
OM epidemiology
CHILDREN, 2/3 before their 2nd birthday
33
SInusitis pathology
Sinus blockage from a viral infection, allergy, anatomical --> distal bacterial infection --> pressure --> pain
34
Sinusitis Symptoms
``` sinus pressure head ache fever rhinorrhea Otitis media There is no translumination ```
35
Sinusitis etiology
same as OM acute= S. Pneuno, non typeable H.Flu, moraxella catarhallis. Chronic= staph, pseudomonas, anaerobic
36
Sinusitis complications
chronic sinusisitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis
37
diagnosis of sinusistis
presumptive | x ray
38
tx of sinusitis
antibiotics for strep pneumo or H. flu, S. Aureus, or anaerobes
39
prevention of sinusitis
decongenstants, allergy tx, correct anatomic problem
40
epidemiology of sinusitis
occurs in adults adult equivalent of OM occurs with URI or allergies
41
Epiglottitis symptoms
barking cough, stridor, chocking sensation, sore throat, drooling, swollen epiglottis and neck, TOXIC
42
patient position in epiglotitis
sitting up and leaning forward
43
epiglottitis- etiology
parainfluenza virus GAS H.flu strep penumo
44
epiglottitis- complications
airway obstruction
45
epiglottitis dx
lateral neck xray with thumb sign blood cultures- bacteremia throat culture
46
epiglottitis- tx
preserve the airway | 3rd gen cephalosporin- ampicillin or sulbactam
47
epiglottitis- prevention
vaccine against H. flu B
48
epiglottitis- epidemiology
nonimmuminized kids and adult with poor immunization status
49
Pertussis causes what disease
whooping cough
50
what are the 3 stages of pertussis
CPR catarrhal- rhinorrhea Paroxysmal- cough/ whoop Recovery/ Convaslescent- getting better
51
Etiologic agents of whooping cough
Bortadella Pertussis
52
Complications of Whooping Cough
Respiratory compromise | secondary bacterial infection- otitis media or pneumonia
53
Dx of whooping cough
Clinical Culture Fluorescent Ab stain PCR
54
Tx of whooping cough
supportive care and erythromycin
55
Prevention of whooping cough
DTap
56
Epidemiology of whooping cough
Because there is a vaccine you see it in non immunized people. Adults require a booster shot
57
What tissues does Diptheria affect
Throat, Heart, and Nerves
58
What are the symptoms of Diphtheria
``` Grey Pseudomembrane in the throat fever malaise LAD pahryngitis ```
59
What are the etiologic agents of Diphtheria
Corynobacterium diptheria- produces a toxin that binds to EF2
60
What are the complications of Diphtheria
Myocardititis --> arrhythmia's and heart failure | Myelin degeneration leading to palsy and paralysis
61
How is Diphtheria Dx
Clinically | with a culture
62
Diphtheria- Tx
Anti Toxin PCN supportive
63
Diphtheria prevention
DTaP
64
Diphtheria- epidemiology
Non immunized patients | always investigate close contacts
65
H. Flu structure
Gram negative Pleiomorphic- coccobacilliary non motile non spore forming
66
H. Flu virulence factors
H. Flu type B has a polyribositol polysacharide capsule there are capsulte types A-F the capsule is antiphagocytic and used for typing it also has pilli and IgA proteases. B is the most important type
67
H. Flu Epidemiology
``` MOPES Meningitis Otitis Penumonia Epiglottitis Sepsis It can cause these things (esp pneumonia) secondary to a viral infection ```
68
H. influenza- immunity
We develop Ab's against the polysacharide capsule
69
H. Influenza prevention
H. Flu type B has an anti capsular vaccine this doesn't work for children under 2, so there is a conjugate vaccine that they get at 2 mos and in a series of 3-4 injections which has been very successful
70
H. influenza- Req'd growth factors
H. Flu requires 2 growth factors V: NAD from lysed RBC X: Hematin "a mother goes to the 5 and dime store when her child is sick with H.Flu)
71
H. Flu- how are they antibiotic resistant
20-25% of H.Flu have a plasmid that carries antibiotic resistance to ampicillin. So tx is a 3rd gen cephalosporin.
72
H. Flu- most suscceptable population and why
between 6 months and 24 months we dont have maternal Abs to protect us and our immune system hasn't developed to the point where it can make Ab's against polysacharides
73
Why do we get infections several times
many pathogens have different serotypes and so we get infected one with one serotype and then again by a different type
74
what types of bacterial infections are people without a spleen more likely to get
Strep Pneumonia and HiB
75
4 factors that make strep more likely
1) Tonsilar exudates 2) Tender anterior cervical LN 3) Absence of a cough 4) Hx of fever

Micro (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions